DRILL TACTICS 



FOR 



Knights of Honor 

SWORD AND BUGLE SIGNALS; RULES FOR COM- 
PETITIVE DRILLS; MILITARY ORDERS AND 
CORRESPONDENCE ; CEREMONIES AND 
HINTS FOR KNIGHTLY COURTESIES, 
ETC., ETC, 



PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY OF THE SUPREME LODGE 
KNIGHTS OF HONOR 



By H. B. Grant, 
l 

(Late) Captain U. S. A. 



Cincinnati: 

the: pettibone ni'R'o go, 

FRATERNITY PUBLISHERS. 

188b. 



/try 7? 



H S l5i Q 

' 11 753 Q 8 



Entered according to an Act of Confess, in the year x888, by The 

Pettibone Mfg. Co., in the office of the Librarian of 

Congress, at Washington, D C. 



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tfonietits. 



Preface 5 

Definitions. 7 

School of the Knight 10 

Manual of the Sword 28 

Silent Manual » . . 42 

Salutes c 14, 43 

School of the Officer 45 

School of the Commandery 49 

The Display Drill 86 

School of the Battalion . . . . . 160 

Dress Parade 195 

Review 200 

General Parade 204 

Sword Signals 256 

Bugle Signals— 33 Signals, 1 March 208 

Award of Prize and Rules for Competitive Drill. . 216 
Index... 219 



deface. 



The favor with which the military works of the author 
have been received is a source of gratification to him 
and his publishers, while the fact that his original and 
assimilated movements, ceremonies and engravings 
have been copied by other authors, may, without van- 
ity, be accepted as an evidence of the sincerity of the 
flattering approval bestowed upon them. 

This system of Drill enjoys the commendation of ed- 
ucated tacticians and the official endorsement of five 
different semi military orders. It is again launched as 
a candidate for further recognition. 

These Orders seem to be alive to the truth that respect 
for themselves and their orders demand that their drills 
should not only be based upon the tactics of the coun- 
try, but that the commands and movements should be 
cl sely assimilated thereto. The formations are under 
separate ''schools," and in harmony with the basis 
established by educated experience. Commanderies 
can therefore practice the " leg timate drill " alone or 
indulge in the display movements ad libitum. The assim- 
ilated display drills are clearly defined and separated in 
this work, the object being to make explanations so full 
that every one may know exactly what to do and how 
to do it. 

The author does not claim any great amount of orig- 
inality, although his work has been copied by the page, 
with slight modifications; and tome of the cuts have 
been taken entire by other authors. 

He trusts his efforts will meet with the approval of 

hi3 brethren. 

5 



editions of jJBjlitang Terras 

About. A wheel (or face) of 180°. Full About: a 
wheel of 360°. 

Battalion. Two or more commanderies , as pre- 
scribed. 

Cadence. The rate of regular planting of the feet in 
marching or succession of motions in the manual. 

Caution. A direction to men under arms ; or com- 
mand given in an undertone, to indicate a contemplated 
movement or to correct an error. 

, Column. A number of subdivisions formed in lines 
one behind the other. 

Column op files. A single or double rank faced to 
the right or left (into column) . 

Commandery Distance. A distance equal to the front 
of the commandery when in line. 

Countermarch. A change of direction to the rear ; 
equivalent to " Column right (or left) march, ' executed 
twice in immediate succession. 

Cover. Files or guides cover when exactly behind 
or in rear of each other, marching or at a halt 

Deploy. To extend; a column <; extended' ' into 
line. 

Distance. Space between Knights or subdivisions, 
measured in depth (perpendicular to the front) 



8 DEFINITIONS OF MILITARY TERMS. 

Division. One half (one- third or one-fourth) more 
or less of the commandery. (In the army drill called 
Platoon.) 

Double-section. Twelve Knights in line, single or 
double rank. If double rank the front is the same (12). 

Drill Corps. A portion of the commandery, with a 
head and members, organized for drilling. 

Echelon. Subdivisions in lines at equal distances, 
like stair steps, one more advanced than the other. 

Facing Distance is such that in facing to the right 
or left, into line, the elbows will touch. 

File A Knight in rank, Two or more Knights, 
one behind the other. 

File Leader. The Knight in front of the file whom 
the others of the file cover or follow . 

Flank. Either extremity of a line or side of a col- 
umn. 

Interval. Space between Knights or subdivisions 
in line, measured parallel to the front. 

Line. Knights formed abreast, that is, elbow to el# 
bow. 

Marching Flank. The extremity of the line farthest 
from the pivot, in the wheelings 

Motion. A distinct movement in the manual of the 
sword, without pause, and designated as first motion, 
second motion, etc. 

Pivot. The Knight on the flank upon whom the 
wheeling is made. 
* Post. Position or place prescribed. 

Rank. A number of Knighls in line. 

Right in Front is when the original right of the 
line is the head of the column. The reverse is left in 
front. 



DEFINITIONS OF MILITARY TERMS. 9 

Roster. List of officers and Knights for duty 

Schedule. A programme containing the move- 
ments, etc., to be executed. 

Section. Six Knights in line, single or double rank. 
If double rank, the front is the same (6). 

Squad. A small detachment of Knights. It may be 
(in mounted drill is) used in preparatory, in Leu of 
"Knights." 

Squadron. Two commanderies mounted; in this 
work two commanderies of a battalion, as prescribed. 
. Subdivision. Threes, sections, etc. A commandery 
sub divided. 

Wheel. A circular movement by which a line of 
two or more Knights is placed at right angles to its 
former position. 

Wheeling Distance is such that in wheeling into 
line the subdivisions will exactly join those on the right 
and left ; or the distance between subdivisions equal to 
the front of the subdivision. 

Wing. One-half of a line. One of the Grand Di- 
visions into which a line may be divided. 




Jjchool of % jjfyicjht. 



INTRODUCTION. 

The instruction of Knights in the drill can only be 
perfected by joining theory to practice. 

A competent officer should be detailed to drill a 
squad in the School of the Knight before the men are 
permitted to drill with the commandery . Stated times for 
drill, faithfully improved, are essential to success . A 
well disciplined commandery will rarely be troubled 
about " a constitutional number " at its conclaves. 

In this work commands are given for the execution 
of movements toward both right and left flanks, but the 
explanation of the movement toward one flank only will 
be made. To obtain the explanation toward the other 
flank substitute left for right, or the reverse. 

The last syllable of a command determines its prompt 
execution. 

When commands are prescribed herein, without men- 
tion as to who should give them, it will be understood 
that they are given by the officer in charge. 

The movements and commands in the School of the 
Knight apply with equal force in other parts of this 
work wherever instruction to the contrary is not given, 
substituting commandery, detachment, double- section or 
division, etc , for Knights or Squad. 
10 



SCHOOL OF THE K.MGHT. * 11 

COMMANDS. 

Commands should be given in a clear, animated tone, 
every syllable distinct and loud enough to be heard 
without difficulty by every Knight under instruction. 
If the lines are subdivided, the commands may be 
briskly repeated by the officers in charge of subdi- 
visions, if necessary, in a lower tone, but loud enough 
to be heard by their particular section or division. 
The failure of a single Knight to understand the com- 
mand may throw the entire line into confusion . 
Commands are of two kinds: 

1, Preparatory, such as for w ard, carry, etc., [printed 
in italics] indicates the movement to be executed. 

2. Of execution, such as march, swords, etc. [printed 
in small capitals], pronounced in a firm, brief tone, in- 
dicates the exact instant for commencing, and causes 
the execution of a movement. 

A preparatory command should always precede and 
be understood before adding that of execution. The 
cadence of commands is determined by the step. 

This is the general rule, which does not rigidly apply 
to the double time. Regularity in the cadence of com- 
mands should be habitual, but undue delay after the 
preparatory command is given is irritating and demor- 
alizing. ^ 
POSITION. 

Heels on the same line, as near each other as the 
formation of the Knight will permit. If one heel be in 
rear of the other, one shoulder will be thrown back 
and the position is constrained. Men knock kneed , or 
with large calves, can not, without constraint, make 
their heels touch while standings. 



12 SCHOOL OF THE KNIGHT 

The feet turned out equally, forming with each other 
an angle of about sixty degrees. If one is turned out 
more than the other the shoulders will be deranged ; if 
both are turned out too much, the upper part of the* 
body can not be inclined forward without making the 
position unsteady. 

The knees straight without stiffness. If stiffened con- 
straint and fatigue will be unavoidable. 

The body erect upon the hips, inclining a little for- 
ward. This gives equilibrium to the position The re 
verse is common — that is, throwing the shoulders back 
and projecting the belly, which causes inconvenience 
in marching and fatigue. 

The shoulders square and falling equally. Many have a 
bad habit of dropping one shoulder. Correct it at once. 

The arms hanging naturally ; 

The elbows near the body ; 

The palms of the hands turned slightly to the front, 
hands open, fingers together and nearly straight the 
little fingers behind the seams of the pantaloons. 
These prevent Knights from occupying unnecessary 
space in ranks and tend to keep the shoulders in. 

The head erect and square to the front ; 

The chin slightly drawn in, without constraint Stiff- 
ness in these positions wi'l be communicated to other 
parts of the body, giving pain and fatigue. 

The eyes straight to the front, striking the ground at 
about the distance of fifteen yards The surest way to 
keep the shoulders in line and head erect. Insist upon 
it. 

When the Knights appreciate the importance and 
understand the details of the position —the alpha of the 
tactics— pass to the next lesson. 



SCHOOL OF THE KNIGHT. 13 

Let the Knights rest often for a few minutes at a 
time, until they become easy in their position; for this 
purpose command 

Rest. 

All are now at liberty to stand, sit, or lie down, but 
not to move more than two or three yards away, nor is 
silence required. 

Wishing to relieve the attention merely, command 
1. In place. 2. Rest. 

The immobility or silence need not then be pre- 
served, but the left heel ought to be kept in its place. 
1. Knights. 2 Attention. 

At the first command quiet is restored ; and at the 
second every Knight promptly takes his position, re- 
mains motionless and fixes his attention. 
1. Break ranks. 2. March 

This dismisses the squad. 

1. Eyes. 2. Right (or left). 3. Front. 

At the command right, each Knight will turn his head 
promptly but gently, so as to bring the inner corner of 
the left eye on a line with the center of the body, the 
eyes fixed on the eyes of the Knights in, or supposed to 
be in, the same rank (This is the position of head and 
eyes in right dress , except that the Knighton the ex 
treme right does not turn the head, but remains at at- 
tention ) Retain this position until the command front 
is given, when the head and eyes resume the habitual 
position. 

Eyes left is exactly the reverse of eyes right. 

See that every motion is understood and properly ex- 
ecuted before passing to the next ; but do not dwelUtoo 
long upon any one, lest a dislike be engendered for the 
work at the beginning. Be clear and plain in every 



14 SCHOOL OF THE KNIGHT. 

explanation, cause each Knight by himself to execute 
the motions, and correct any defect as soon as discov- 
ered. While courtesy is extended to all, the discipline 
in ranks should be impartially rigid. 

SALUTES WITH THE HAND. 

1. Right (or left) hand. 2. Salute. 

First motion: Raise the right hand till the tips of the 
fingers touch the visor opposite the right eye, thumb 
closed, fingers and hand extended in prolongation of 
the fore arm, elbow down. Second motion : Lower the 
hand briskly to the right until the points of the fingers 
are at the height of the shoulder and in front of it, el- 
bow advanced, hand and fingers still extended in pro- 
longation of the fore arm. Third motion : Drop the 
hand to the side. 

When in uniform the proper salute should not be 
omitted, but the etiquette of Knightly Courtesy strictly 
observed. This should be impressed upon the minds 
as other lessons are taught, by theory and practice. 

A junior officer or Knight, addressing a senior, salutes 
first, which is always acknowledged. If the senior offi- 
cer addresses a junior officer or Knight the inferior in 
rank makes^ the first salute 

, If the sword is in the scabbard the salute is with the 
hand. 

1. Right (or left) 2. Face. 

At the command face, raise the right foot slightly, 
face to the right, turning on the left heel the left toe 
slightly raised; replace the right heel by the side of 
the left and on the same line. 

The facings to the left are executed on the same heel 
as the facings to the right. 



SCHOOL OF THE KNIGHT. 15 

1. Knights. 2. About. 3. Face. 

At the command about, turn on the left heel, bring 
the left toe to the front, carry the right foot to the rear, 
the hollow opposite to and three inches from the left 
heel, the feet square to each other. At the command 
face, raise the toes a little, turn on both heels, and face 
to the rear. When the face is nearly completed, raise 
the right foot and replace it by the side of the left. 
1. Parade. 2 Rest. 

This gives rest, imposing both steadiness and attention. 

At the command rest, carry the right foot three inches 
directly to the rear, the left knee slightly bent ; clasp 
the hands in front of the center of the body, the left 
hand uppermost, the left thumb clasped by the thumb 
and forefinger of the right hand. 

1. Knights 2. Attention. 

Resume the position of a Knight in line. 

THE STEPS. 

The length of the direct step in common and quick time 
is thirty inches, measured from heel to heel. 

The cadence for common time is ninety steps per min- 
ute ; for quick time, one hundred and twenty steps per 
minute. 

The length of the double step is thirty -five inches ; the 
cadence is one hundred and eighty steps per minute. 

The side step is six inches. 

The backward step and short step are each fifteen 
inches, measured from heel to heel. 

All steps are executed in quick time unless otherwise speci- 
fied. 

A natural swinging of the left hand, describing twelve 
inches of an inverted arc of a circle, is proper. 



16 SCHOOL OF THE KNIGHT. 

1. Balance step, 2. Left {or right) foot. 3. Forward. 
4. Rear. 5 Halt. 

The principles of the direct step are taught thus : 

Require the body, shoulders, arms and hands of the 
Knights to be kept in position. (See page 1 1,) 

At the command for ward, bend the left knee slightly 
and carry the left foot, without jerk, about fourteen 
inches to the front, straightening the knee as the foot 
is brought forward, the toe turned out and slightly de- 
pressed, the sole of the foot about three inches from the 
ground, the body balanced firmly on the right foot and 
inclined slightly forward. 

At the command rear, carry the left foot, without 
jerk, to the rear, the knee slightly bent, the toe on a 
line with the heel and inclining slightly downward. 

At the command halt, plant the foot by the side of the 
other. Now exercise with the other foot. 
1. Balance step. 2. Left foot. 3. Forward. 4. Ground. 
5 Halt. 

At forward, advance the left foot as before. 

At the command ground, plant it without shock, the 
foot advancing as the weight of the body is brought for- 
ward, the left heel thirty inches from the right; the 
right foot is then advanced to the position of forward 
without command, and similarly planted at the com- 
mand ground. 

At the command halt the foot in advance is planted, 
and the one in rear brought to its side. 

Commence at a very slow cadence, afterward increase 
it to common time. When this is well understood,command 
1. Forward. 2. Common time, 3. March. 

At the command forward throw the weight of the 
body upon the right leg, without bending the knees. 



SCHOOL OF THE KNIGHT. 17 

At the command march move the left foot smartly, 
but without jerk, thirty inches straight forward, ob- 
serving carefully the principles explained in the balance 
steps; do not cross the legs or strike one against the 
other; eyes to the front. 

Indicate the cadence by counting one, two. Do not 
call out " hep, hep," but instruct the squad that the left 
foot is planted the instant the odd number is called. 

1. Knights, 2. Halt. 
At the command halt, given when either foot is being 
brought to the ground, plant the foot and bring the foot 
in rear to its side and plant it without shock. 

1. Forward. 2. March, 
Is the command to march in quick time from a halt, al- 
ways stepping off with the left foot first. 

The change to any other cadence is indicated by 
naming the time before the command march, thus : 
1. Common time. 2. March; or 1. Double time. 2. 
March ; or if at a halt, the same commands preceded 
by forward, thus: 1. Forward. 2. Common time. 3. 
March, stepping off with the left foot as before. 

1. Short step. 2. March. 
Being in march, at the second command the length 
of the step is~reduced to fifteen inches without changing 
the cadence; at the command, 1. Forward. 2. March, 
the full step is resumed. 

1. Mark time. 2. March. 
Being in march, the second command, given when 
either foot is coming to the ground, continue the ca- 
dence and make a semblance of marching, without 



18 SCHOOL OF THE KNIGHT. 

gaining ground, by alternately advancing each foot 
about half its length, the sole parallel with the ground, 
and bringing it back on a line with the other. 

To resume the direct step the command is : 1. For- 
ward. 2. March. 

1 Change step. 2. March. 
At the second command, given the instant either foot 
strikes the ground, the other foot is advanced and 
planted; bring the hollow of the foot that is in rear 
against the heel of the foot in front, and step off 
promptly with the foot that is in front, carefully keep- 
ing up the cadence. 

1. Backward. 2. March. 
Step off with the left foot fifteen inches straight to the 
rear, measured from heel to heel, At the command, 1. 
Knights, 2. Halt, plant the foot that is in rear and 
bring the other to its side. 

1. To the rear. 2. March. ., 
Being in march ; at the second command, given as the 
right foot strikes the ground, advance the left foot to the 
full step distance and plant it; face to the rear turning* 
to the right on the balls of both feet, and immediately 
step off with the left foot. 

1. Eight (or left) side-step. 2. March, 
At the second command carry the right foot six in- 
ches to the right, keeping the knees straight, shoulders 
gquare to the front, heels on the same line ; plant the 
righ* foot and bring the left to its side and so continue, 
observing the cadence, until halted. 



SCHOOL OP THE KNIGHT. 19 

1. Double step. 2. March. . 

At the first command raise the hands, fingers closed, 
nails toward the body, left forearm horizontal, elbows 
to the rear. 

At the command march raise the left leg to the front, 
bending and elevating the knee as much as possible, 
that part of the leg between the knee and instep verti- 
cal, the toe depressed; replace the foot in its former 
position and execute the same movement with the 
right leg. 

The cadence, one hundred and eighty steps per min- 
ute, is indicated by the instructor who counts one, two, 
as the feet are successively brought to the ground, com- 
mencing in common time and gradually increasing to 
double time. At the command, 1. Knights, 2 Halt, 
bring back the foot that is raised to the side of the 
other, and resume the position of a Knight in ranks. 

1. Forward. 2. Double time. 3, March. 

At the first command throw the weight of the body on 
the right leg ; at the second command raise i he hands 
and arms as before explained ; at the command march 
carry forward the left foot^ the leg slightly bent knee 
somewhat raised and plant the foot, toe first, thirty-five 
inches from the right, and so with the right foot, allow- 
ing a natural swinging motion of the arms. 

Breathe as much as possible through the nose. 

To halt, the command is : 1. Knights. 2. Halt. 

To pass to quick time the command is : 1. Quick time. 
2. March. At the command march, plant the foot that 
is coming to the ground, drop the hands to the side, 
advance the other foot in quick time and plant it thirty 



20 SCHOOL OF THE KNIGHT. 

inches from the one in rear, resuming, or taking up the 
march in quick time. 

1. By file. 2. {Eight or left) . 3. Dress. 4. Front. 

Place two Knights abreast, two or more yards in ad- 
vance, to establish the line ; at the command dress the 
others move up successively in quick time, until about 
sx inches behind the alignment; each then moves on 
the line, which should never be passed, taking steps 
of two or three inches, casting the eyes to the right as 
before explained, keeping the shoulders square to the 
front and, without opening his arms, touches with his 
elbow the Knight on his right. 

At the command front the habitual position is 
promptly resumed without jerk. 

1. Eight (or left). 2. Dress. 3. Front. 

At the command dress, the entire rank, except the 
Knight established as a basis, moves forward and 
dresses up to the line, as before explained. The in- 
structor verifies the alignment, by placing himself about 
two yards from the right flank, facing to the left, 
orders forward or backward such files as may be in rear 
or advance of the line, and commands front. 

The whole movement should be promptly executed, 
and no delays be made in alignments. 

1. Eight (or left) backward. 2. Dress. 3. Front. 

March backward, and together, until six inches in rear 
of the line and then dress up, by short steps, as ex- 
plained. 



SCHOOL OF THE KNIGHT. 21 

1. Forward. 2. Guide (right or left). 3. March. 

At the third command step off smartly with the left 
foot, the guide marching straight to the front To do 
this he must take points in advance, perpendicular to. 
the line, and with the greatest care observe the length 
and cadence of the steps. 

The instructor observes that the Knights touch lightly 
the elbow toward the side of the guide ; that they do not 
open out either arm ; that they yield to pressure coming 
from the side of the guide and resist pressure coming 
from the opposite direction ; that by shortening or 
lengthening the steps they gradually recover the align- 
ment and touch of elbow if lost ; and that they keep the 
head and shoulders square to the front ; that the guide 
takes the full step and cadence ; that the principles of 
the step as before explained are carefully observed, in 
the most minute detail, and that the hands and arms 
are kept in their proper position, easy and all alike, but 
without unauthorized oscillation. 

1. Right (or left). 2. Face 3 Forward. 4. March. 
Being at a halt ; face to the right and march as before . 

1. By the right (or left) flank. 2, March. 

Being in march. The command march is given as the 
Yight foot strikes the ground ; advance and plant the left 
foot at full distance, then turn to the right and step off 
in the new direction with the right foot. To march by 
the left flank apply the general rule, page 10. 

In marching in column of files, the Knights cover 
each other; keep closed to facing distance and avoid 
spreading the feet and legs apart. Observe that this 



22 SCHOOL OF THE KNIGHT. 

movement is similar to right (or left) face except that it 
is executed in march. 

It is habiually executed in quick time; but if neces- 
sary to march in double time, the distance is increased 
to 21 inches. 

1. Column right (or left). 2. March. 
Being in march. At the command march the leading 
file turns half to the right,— that is, at an angle of forty- 
five degrees, — advances one step, and again turning 
half right, continues the march at right angles with the 
former direction ; thus by two steps describing the arc 
of a small circle The other files keep closed up to 
proper distance and follow in his trace. 

1. Column half right (or left) . 2. March. 
Is similarly executed. 

1. Forward. 2. Column right (or left). 3 March; 

or 1, Forward, 2. Column half right (or left). 

3. March, 

Puts a column of files in motion and changes its direc- 
tion. 

1. Knights. 2, Halt, 

Is the command to halt a column of files ; and 

1. Left (or right) . 2, Face, 

To face it to the front. 

1. By the left (or right) flank. 2. March. 
3. Guide (left or right) , 
Is given when marching in column of files to march in 
line ; or when marching in line, to march in column of 
files. In the latter case, omit the third command. 



SCHOOL OF THE KNIGHT. 23 

1. Right (or left) Oblique. 2. March. 

Being in line marching. At the second command 
each Knight makes a half face to the right and marches 
straight in the new direction. As they no long r touch 
elbows they glance along the shoulders of the nearest 
files toward the side of the guide, being that to which 
they are obliquing, and regulate their steps so that their 
shoulders are always behind those of the next Knight 
on that side, and that his head conceals the heads of the 
others in the rank The same length of step and same 
degree of obliquity is preserved, the line of the rank re- 
maining parallel to its original position. 

This being a half flank it is better to give the second 
command as the right foot strikes the ground, and exe- 
cute the movement in a manner similar to the right (or 
left) flmk, but it is not deemed absolutely essential. 

To resume the original direction, command : 1 For- 
ward. 2. March. The guide is then on the side where 
it was previous to obliquing. 

If at a halt, the Knights half face to the right at the 
first command and step off at the command march. 

If halted while obliquing, they will halt, pause one 
cadence of a minute, and face to the. front without 
further command 

The guide is always on the side towards which the 
oblique is made ; oa resuming the direct march the 
guide is on the side where it was previous -to the oblique, 
without any indication to that effect being given. 

In column of files oblique by the same commands and 
means as when in line, the leading file being the guide. 



24 SCHOOL OF THE KNIGHT. 

WHEELINGS 

Are of two kinds ; on fixed, and on movable pivots. 

These are important movements, and each Knight 
should be required successively to act as pivot, and to 
conduct the marching flank. The wheelings should 
also be repeated in double time as soon as the squad is 
able to execute them properly in quick time . 

The fixed pivot — from a halt. 
1. In circle, right Cor left) wheel. 2. March. 
At the command march all, except the pivot, step off 
with the left foot, at the same time turning the beads 
a little to the left, the eyes fixed on the eyes of the 
Knights to the left ; the pivot Knight marks time in his 
place, gradually turning his body to conform to the 
movements of the marching flank. The one who 
conducts the marching flank takes steps of thirty 
inches , and from the first step advances the left shoul- 
der a little, casts his eyes along the rank, and feels 
lightly the elbow of the next one toward the pivot, but 
never pushes him. Each of the others lengthens the 
step in proportion to the distance from the pivot, 
touches with the elbow toward it and resists pressure 
from the opposite side, conforms to the movement of 
the marching ' flank, and maintains the alignment. 
After wheeling around the circle several times com- 
mand : 1 Knights. 2 Halt, when all stop and no 
one fctirs. Now point out the defects and mistakes, 
then command : 1. Left. 2 Dress. 3. Front. 

1. Right (or left) wheel, 2 March. 3. Knights. 
4 Halt. 5. Left {or right). 6 Dress. 7. Front. 
Being at a halt, the squad wheels as before on a fixed 
pivot. At the fourth command, given when the squad 



\ 



SCHOOL OF THE KNIGHT. 25 

is nearly at right angles with its original position, the 
line halts. After pointing out the defects, the instructor 
immediately dresses the line up to the perpendicular by 
the fifth and sixth commands ; when done he commands 
front. 

To wheel the squad and move it forward, command : 

1. Right (or left) wheel, 2. March. 3. Forward. 

4 March. 5. Guide {right or lejt) . 

The third command is given in time to add march the 

instant the wheel (one-fourth of a circle) is completed, 

when they march in the new direction, taking the guide 

as indicated, 

1. Right (or left) about, 2. March. 3. Knights. 

4. Halt. 5. Left (or right), 6. Dress. 7. Front. 

Or, 3. Forward. 4. March. 5. Guide (right or left). 

This wheels the squad in a half circle to the right ; 
when completed the squad is halted or moved, as ex- 
plained before 

Wheeling on a Movable Pivot. 

The wheelings are made by the same commands and 
means as on a fixed pivot, except that the pivot takes 
steps of nine inches and thus gains ground forward, de- 
scribing a small curve so as to clear the wheeling point. 
The curve is increased in size proportionately with the 
size of the squad or subdivision, and is equal to about 
one-half of the front of the squad or subdivision. 

The command forward is given in time to add march 
the instant the wheel (one fourth of a circle) is com- 
pleted, at which all retake the thirty inch step, turn 
their heads square to the front and march straight for- 



26 SCHOOL OF THE KJSIGHT. 

ward. The squad may be halted by the same com- 
mands and means as before explained. 

In wheeling on a movable pivot in double time, the 
pivot takes steps of eleven inches and the curve is aug- 
mented. 

During the wheel the guide is upon the marching 
flank, and upon the completion of the wheel is upon 
the same flank that it was before the wheel was com- 
menced, without any indication to that effect. 

1. Left (or right) turn. 2. March 

Being in march. 

The first command is given when the rank is three 
yards from the turning point. 

At the command march, pronounced the instant 
the rank is to turn, the Knight on the left, who 
becomes the guide, faces to the left in marching 
(that is, executes by the left flank in his own person), 
and moves forward in the new direction without 
changing the cadence or length of the step. The 
others advance the shoulders opposite the guide, 
take the double time and advance in the new direction 
till they come successively on the allignment, then re- 
take the step and cadence from the guide and dress to- 
ward him. 

In turning in double time those on the side opposite 
the guide increase the gait in order to come into line. 

While this movement should be well learned, the 

wheel will in nearly all cases effect the desired change 

of direction. 

DOUBLE RANK. 

The movements should now be repeated,, the Knights 
being in double rank. 



SCHOOL OF THE KNIGHT. 27 

The distance between the ranks is facing distance; but 
on rough ground or when marching in double time it is 
increased to twenty -one inches. Upon halting, the rear 
rank closes up to facing distance 

If marching in column of files each rear rank Knight 
dresses upon his front rank frater, who is guide of the 
file. 

In changing direction in column of files each file 
wheels on a movable pivot. 

In obliquing each rear rank Knight follows the one 
next on the right or left of his front rank frater. 

Small commanderies, or less than forty-eight in line, 
ought not ordinarily to march in double rank.* 

If there is but one Knight in the rear rank of the 
three on the left of the line he covers number one of the 
front rank ; if there are but tw T o in the rear rank of the 
left three, they cover numbers one and three of the 
front rank. 



*A recommendation only. 




[anual of the ||u)onl 



Remarks. The rate of swiftness, or time occupied in 
the execution of each motion, is one-ninetieth of a min- 
ute. But in march the cadence of motion is changed to 
conform to the time indicated by the left foot, thus : 
The command of execution is given as the left foot is 
coming, to the ground, and the first motion is com- 
menced the instant the left foot is planted ; the second 
motion is commenced the instant the left foot strikes 
the ground the second time, and so on. 

If the sword is grasped too near the guards, or cross, 
the sword manual is rendered difficult and awkward. 
Ease and grace of movement in handling the sword can 
only be acquired by practice, therefore when the prin- 
ciples and motions are understood the Knights should 
frequently practice the manual by themselves This 
rule applies as well to the steps, cadence and facings as 
to the manual. » 

Avoid the common error of bowing when executing 
the manual ; habitually maintain the erect position. 

In the double step, being at a carry, at the command 
double time, carry the sword straight to the front, the 
blade vertical, the hand firmly grasping the hilt, the 
right forearm horizontal, elbow close to the body; it 
the sword is at a right shoulder or port it may so remain, 
but resume the carry after halting without command, ob- 

28 



MANUAL OF THE SWORD 29 

serving the cadence of the step — that is, halt, pause 
one cadence of the step then carry swords When part 
of the commandery executes double time, the manual 
is executed by those only who increased the cadence. 

It is better not to draw swords until ranks are formed 
and to return swords before the command : break ranks. 
Correctness in detail is of the first importance, there- 
fore each motion should be explained and executed 
separately, without especial regard to the cadence, until 
the details are understood To this end (for example) 
command: 1. By the numbers, 2. Swords, 3. Port. 4. 
Two. At the third command the first motion of the 
movement is executed. The instructor corrects the 
errors, commands Two, and the second motion is ex- 
ecuted. The rapidity is gradually increased until the 
cadence is acquired. When the command by the numbers 
is given it is not repeated, but every succeeding com- 
mand in the manual is executed with the numbers un- 
til the command without the numbers is given, or some 
foot movement intervenes. 

The manual should be learned first by the 
numbers, then alternated with and without 
the numbers, in order to attain the proper 
cadence and to become proficient in the 
mechanism. 

1. Draw. 2. Swords. 
First motion. At the command swords, seize 
the scabbard near the top, press it against 
the thigh with the left and grasp the handle 
with the right hand, at the same time 
bring the hilt a little forward, and draw 
the sword until the right forearm is hori- 
JDraw. zontal. 




30 MANUAL OF THE SWORD. 

Second motion, Draw the sword quickly, raising the 
arm to its full extent, at an angle of forty-five degrees, 
point of sword toward the mouth of the scabbard. 

Third motion. Turn the sword and bring it to a pre- 
sent . q. v. 

Fourth motion. Bring the sword-blade vertically back 
against the right shoulder, edge of the sword to the 
front, thumb and forefingers embracing the grip, the 
left side of the grip and the thumb against the thigh, arm 
nearly extended, the other fingers extended and joined 
in the rear of the grip, elbow near the body, drop the 
left hand to the side. This is the position of carry swords. 
If in two ranks, the rear rank takes two 
backward steps at the command draw, and 
after executing the fourth motion, pauses 
one ninetieth of a minute and steps back 
to its position. 

1. Present. 2. Swords 

Being at a carry, at the second command 
bring the sword vertically to the front, 
raising the hand so that the top of the cross 
hilt is on a line with the lowor part of the 
chin, and about six inches from it, back of 
the hand to the front, tho right forearm 
Carry. resting along the side o.nd breast, elbow 
close to the body, helmet of the sword nearly against 
the breast, the thumb on the back of grip to the right, 
the blade inclined upward to the front at an angle of 
about sixty-five degrees. 

For Officers. At the command present, carry the sword 
to the position just indicated. At the command swords 
drop the point of the sword near the ground and on a 




MANUAL OF THE SWORD. 



31 




line with the right foot, extend- 
ing the arm so that the light 
hand may be brought near to 
the right thigh, back of the 
hand to the rear, arm extended, 
flat of the blade to the front 
(This does not apply to past 
officers, the Secretary, Treas- 
urer, or standard guard.) It is 
sometimes referred to as a 
salute or Officers 9 present, to dis- 
tinguish it from the present of 
those who are not officers 

For the standard. (The stan- 
dard bearer habitually^ carries 
Present. the heel of the staff supported Present. 
at the right hip ; the right hand grasping the staff at 
the height of the shoulder. ) At the command present 
slip the right hand along the staff to the height of the 
eye ; at the command swords lower the 
staff by straightening the arm to its full 
extent, the heel of the staff remaining at 
the hip. At carry sivords bring back the 
standard to its habitual place. 

Salutes in march by officers and stand- 
ards are commenced when six yards from 
the person to be saluted, and cease when 
six yards past. In saluting, officers turn 
their heads and look toward the person 
being saluted simultaneous with the sec- 
ond motion. 
Knights in the ranks do not salute, but 
Salute. retain the carry when in march. 
Desiring to cause all to present swords as officers 




32 



MANUAL OF THE SWORD. 



the command is : 1. Officers present 2. Swords, which 
is executed as before explained. 

1. Garry. 2. Swords. 

From present At the second command bring the 
sword back to the position of carry swords. Avoid carry- 
ing the hand to the front and point of the sword to the 
rear of the shoulder in executing this motion. 
1. Support. 2. Swords 

First motion. Seize the blade at the right 
shoulder with the thumb and first three 
fingers of the left hand. Second motion. 
Carry the sword vertically in front of the 
body, with both hands, to the left side, 
edge of the blade to the front; the guard 
on a level with the hollow of the left el- 
bow ; right hand holding the grip ; left el- 
bow down; thumb and fingers of the left 
hand holding the blade vertical, pressed 
against the hollow of the left shoulder. 
Third motion. Carry the left hand to the 
right elbow, the left forearm resting over Support. 
the right forearm, thumb over and supported by the 
right arm, the cross (guard) resting on the left arm 
near the elbow. 

1. Carry. 2. Swords, 

First motion. Seize the blade, without deranging its 
position, with the thumb and forefinger of the left 
hand, left elbow remaining close to the body, as a pivot. 

Second motion. Carry the sword vertically with both 
hands to its place at a carry, fingers extended, pressing 
the sword gently against the hollow of the shoulder, 
hand at the height of the shoulder, its back to the 
front, elbow near the body. 

Third motion Drop the left hani to the side. 




majnual of thp: sword. 



33 



First motion. 




1. Swords. 2 Port. 

Seize the blade at the shoulder with the 
left hand 

Second motion. Bring the sword diag- 
onally across the front of the body, flat 
of the blade to the front and resting in 
the left hand at the height of the breast, 
thumb extended in rear along the blade 
toward the point, the right hand grasp- 
ing the hilt and nearly in front of the 
right hip, edge of the sword down. 



1. Carry. 2. Swords. 
First motion. Bring back the sword 
with both hands, the left hand as high 
Swords Port, as the right armpit, pressing the blade 
to its place, fingers extended at the height of the 
shoulder, elbow near the body, back of hand to the 
front. 

Second motion. Drop the left hand to 
the side. 

1. Order. 2. Swords. 
Drcp the sword- point to the ground 
about an inch from the point of the right 
toe and on a line with the toes ; sword 
vertical, the right hand resting on the 
helmet, back of the. hand up, first three 
fingers in front touching the grip, the 
thumb and little finger partially em- 
bracing it. 

1. Carry. 2 Swords. 
Bring the sword back to its position in carry. Order. 




34 



MANUAL OF THE SWORD. 




Charge. 



1 With sword. 2 Charge. 
Execute the first motion of about 
face, except that the right heel is in 
rear of the left ; bend the left knee 
a little, inclining the body forward, 
the weight principally on the left 
foot, at the same time drop the 
point of the sword forward to the 
height of the belt, the right hand 
firmly grasping the handle, thumb 
against the hip (This can also be 
executed in march, the shoulders 
being kept square to the front.) 



1. Carry. 2. Swords. 
Face to the front and resume the position of carry 
swords. 

1. Right shoulder, 2 Swords. 

Bring the flat of the sword upon the right shoulder, 
guard as high as the armpit, thumb nearly 
touching the side of the right breast, point 
of the sword up to the left and rear so as 
to clear the chapeau. 

1. Carry, 2. Swords. 

Resume that position. 

1. Support. 2 Swords. 

The sword being at a right shoulder. 
First motion. Lower the sword to a carry 

Second, motion. Seize the blade as de- 
scribed on page 32. 

Third motion. Carry the sword to the 
left side, as described on page 32. 

Fourth motion. Drop the left hand 
to the side. Right Shoulder. 




MANUAL OF THE SWORD. 



35 



1. Carry. 
After support swords. 

1. Rear rest. 



2. Swords. 




2 Swords. 
First motion. Execute the right shoul- 
der swords, as explained. 

Second motion. Drop the sword-point 
to the left and rear and let the blade rest 
across the shoulders in rear of the neck, 
at same time raise the left hand, palm 
to the front, and grasp the blade near 
the shoulder with the finders and thumb, 
holding the grip in like manner with the 
fingers and thumb of the right hand, 
elbows close to the body. Care should 
be taken not to derange the position of 
Rear Rest. the head and shoulders in executing 
this movement. 

1. Carry. 2 Swords. 
First motion. Drop the left hand to 
the side and come to the position of right 
shoulder swords. 
Second motion. Resume the carry. 

1, Reverse. 2. Swords. 
First motion. Raise and carry the 
sword vertically to the front, the elbow 
advanced and forming an obtuse angle. 
Second motion. Bring the point down 
to the front and rear, turning the sword 
by a wrist movement completely around, 
so that the edge will be down and the 
blade inclined to the rear at an angle of 
forty five degrees, at the same time carry 
the left forearm horizontal! v behind the 




36 



MANUAL OF THE SWORD 




back, the left hand palm out, clasping the 
blade ; support the sword with the elbow 
against the right side, assisted by the left 
hand in rear ; holding the grip with the 
thumb and forefinger of the right hand, 
the other fingers successively more curved, 
the guards (cross) nearly against the 
shoulder. 

1. Carry. 2. Swoeds. 
First motion. Betake the 
first position of reverse by in-' 
verse means. Second motion. 
Eesume the carry. 
Reverse. 1- Sword arm. 2. Rest. 
Bring the right hand in front of the 
body, arm extended, blade resting along 
the right forearm and diagonally across 
the body, embrace the back of the right 
hand with the palm of the left. Eesume 
the carry at that command. 
1. Parade, 2. Best. 
First motion. Garry the right 
foot three inches to the rear, the left knee 
\ slightly bent, resting the weight of the body 
principally on the right foot Second moUon. 
Drop the sword-point to the ground to the 
right and on a line with the great toe of the 
left foot parallel to the front ; the sword ver- 
tical in front of the center of the body ; fin- 
gers and thumb holding the helmet which 
rests in the palm of the right hand back of 
the hand up embraced and covered by the 
P R r et left hand 





Sword-arm 
Rest. 



MANUAL OF THE SWORD. 



37 



Being at Parade Rest. 1. Best on. 2. Swords. 
Incline the head to the front. At the command 
Knights, raise the head. 

1. Knights (or Comman fiery). 2 Attention. 2. Carry, 
4 Swords. 
At the second command bring the right foot to the 
side of £he left, body erect in posi- 
tion, drop the left hand to the side, 
the right hand hanging naturally at 
the side and holding the grip," 
sword- blade inclining across in front 
of right leg, the sword- point undis- 
turbed. At the fourth command 
bring the sword to a carry. 

1. From right open files. 2 March. 
At the first command all except 
the Knight on the right, who stands 
at a carry, turn the heads and drop Eight open files* 
the sword point to the right, hand at the right breast, 
sword horizontal. At the command march they take 
the left side step, all stepping together, until each in 
succession has gained such an interval that the sword- 
point will touch the left arm of the Knight on the right 
observing that the alignment is preserved ; as each 
gains this interval he turns the head to the front and 
resumes the carry. 

1. From left open files. 2. March. 
Is similarly executed, except that the right hand is at 
the left breast, guards in front of the left arm, the 
sword horizontal to the left in prolongation of the right 
forearm. 




MANUAL OF THE SWORD. 



1. From right and left open files. 
2. March. 
Causes the lines to take in- 
tervals right and left simulta- 
neously from the designated 
flank or file indicated. 
♦ 
1. Right (or left), 2. Face; 
3. Close files. 4 March. 

At the fourth command the 
Knight in front faces to the 
left; the others close up in 
Left open files. 4 quick time and successively 

face to the left, dress to the right, and immediately 
turn the head to the front. 




1. Cross. 2. Swords 



The lines being 
fully two yards 
apart and facing 
each other. 

First motion. 
Bring the sword 
to a present. Sec- 
ond motion. Plant 
the right foot 16 
inches straight to 
the front, right 
knee slightly 
bent, at the same 
time raising the 
right hand, arm 
extended, wrist 




Cross Swords. 



MANUAL OF THE SWORD. 39 

as high as the head, sword in prolongation of the arm, 
thumb extended along the left of the grip, back of sword 
up ; cross the swords six inches from their points with 
the Knight opposite, at the same instant plant the 
foot with very light shock. 

1. Carry. 2. Swords. 
First motion. Bring back the foot to its former place 
and the sword to a present. Second motion. Resume 
the carry. 

1. Knights. 2. Kneel 

Being at parade rest. 

First motion. Carry the right foot 
about twenty-eight inches to the 
rear. 

Second motion. Kneel on the 
right knee so that its front and the 
rear of the left heel will be on a 
line parallel with the front ; head 
erect. 

1. Best on. 2. Swords. 

Incline the head to the front Kneeling, rest on* 

1. Knights. 2. Rise 
At the first command raise the head. At the second 
command, rise. Second motion. Bring the right foot 
near to the left, resuming the position of parade rest. 

1 Knights. 2. Attention. 3. Carry. 4. Swords. 
Resume that position. 

1. Knights. 2. Return 3. Swords. 
At the command return , seize the scabbard with the 
left hand, near the top, inclining it a little forward, and 
bring the sword about six inches in front of the left shoul- 




40 



MANUAL OF THE SWORD. 



der, blade vertical, lower part of the hand 
at the height of the chin. Second motion. 
Lower the blade across and along the left 
arm, the point to the rear ; tnrn the head 
slightly to the left, fixing the eyes on the 
opening of the scabbard, and insert the 
blade, assisted by the thumb and fore- 
finger of the left hand, until the right 
forearm is horizontal. At the command 
swords return the blade, turn the head to 
the front and drop the hands to the sides. 
(The second motion should occupy the 
time of three motions.) If in two ranks, at 
Return. the command return the rear rank takes 

two backward steps, and resumes its place after the 

execution of the command swords. 




1. Secure. 2. Swords. 

The sword being in the scabbard. 

First motion. At the command swords 
seize the scabbard with the left hand, 
palm front, thumb to the left, arm ex- 
tended. Second motion. Raise the sword, 
in the scabbard, bring the left hand in 
front and nearly as high as the belt and 
a little to the left of the buckles the 
sword, in the scabbard, resting along the 
left forearm back of the hand down, the 
cross at the hollow of the elbow. 



1. Drop. 2. Swords. Secure. 

Lower the Sword (in tie scabbard) to its place. 




MANUAL OF THE SWORD. 41 

1. Inspection. 2. Swords. 
First motion. Come to a present. Second motion. 
Turn the wrist outward to show the other side of the 
blade, pause one cadence, and turn the wrist back. Third 
motion. Kesume the carry. [Executed successively as 
inspector approaches ] 

For the Chapeau or Cap. 

1. Knights (or Commandery). 2. Un- cover * 

First motion. Take the chapeau (or 
cap) by the front piece with the left 
hand. Second motion. Raise the cha- 
peau and place it on the right shoulder, 
slightly inclined to the front, holding it 
in that position with the left hand. 




1. Knights (or Commandery). 
2. Re-cover."* 
First motion. Replace the chapeau (or 
cap) on the head. Second motion. Drop 
the hand to the side. 
Uncover. Never execute the uncover unless 

the swords are sheathed, at an order, or (with the right 
hand) when at a secure. To uncover and present at the 
same time is uiimilitary and awkward 
The uncover may be executed by signals, thus : 
First motion. Extend the left hand in front of the 
breast, palm up, fingers extended. Second motion. Ex- 
ecute the first motion of uncover. Third motion. Exe- 
cute the second motion of uncover. 



* Dwell slightly on the first syllable 



42 



MANUAL OF THE SWORD. 



To recover by signals First motion. Slowly raise the 
chapeau from the shoulder and place it on the head. 
Second motion. Drop the hand to the side. 



THE SILENT MANUAL. 

When the foregoing has been well learned it may be 
executed, being at " open order* ' (vide School of the 
Commandery) at the commands : 

1. Continue the manual. 2. Present. 3. Swobds. 

At the command swords the manual is executed in the 
following order, without pause, except that the regular 
cadence of motions is preserved throughout, 

1. Present swords. 

3. Officers present, swords 

5, Support, swords. 

7. Swords, port. 

9. Order, swords. 
11. With swords, charge. 
13. Right shoulder, swords. 

15. Right shoulder, swords. 

16. Support, swords. 
18. Rear rest, swords. 
20. Reverse, swords. 
22. Sword arm, rest. 
24 Front rank, about face. The rear rank files (by one 

side step, about eighteen inches, to the right, 
if it be single rank open order) cover the files in 
the front rank simultaneously with their about 
face. 
2.5. Cross, swords. 26 Carry, swords. 



2. 


Carry, swords. 


4. 


tt << 


6. 


u tt 


8, 


a ti 


10, 


tt ti 


12. 


tt ti 


14. 


tt it 


17. 


tt tl 


19. 


tt ti 


21. 


tt tt 


23. 


tt tt 



MANUAL OF THE SWORD. 43 

27. Front rank, about, face. Rear rank re-covers inter- 

vals, by a side step to the left, at same instant 
with the about face of the front rank. 

28. Parade rest 

29. Knights, kneel. 30. Rest on swords. 
31. Knights, rise, 32. Knights, attention. 
33. Carry, swords. 34. Return swords 
35. Secure, swords. ' 36. Drop, swords. 

7. Knights, un cover. 38, Knights, re-cover. 

9. Right hand salute. 40. Left hand salute. 

41. Draw, swords. 

42. Parade rest. The open files is omitted 

The whole of the silent manual occupies eighty-nine- 
tieths of a minute, including command. 

Or 80 seconds, if seconds be the cadence A pause of 
one cadence may be made between each completed 
sword movement, if so instructed. 

The Vice- Commanders stand at order swords during 
silent manual unless otherwise instructed. 

THE SALUTES. 

When addressed, face the Knight challenging ; the in- 
ferior in rank then, if swords are drawn, salutes with 
it; this is acknowledged, and both resume the carry 
simultaneously, or the junior may stand at a present 
while making a short report. 

If swords are not drawn the inferior in rank gives the 
first motion of the hand salute, which is acknowledged 
in full; the inferior in rank executes the second and 
third motions, so that the hands of both Knights may 
be dropped to the side at the same instant. The sword 
is never drawn to acknowledge a salute already given. 

If the Chief is sitting he salutes with the hand, al- 



44 



MANUAL OF THE SWORD. 



though his sword may be drawn. He does not rise to 
acknowledge salutes of an inferior in rank, but infe- 
riors, when in the hall or in uniform, if not engaged in 
some particular duties arise when addressed by official 
superiors 

In passing a Knight, salute him with the hand far- 
thest from him. 

An officer or Knight mounted, dismounts before ad- 
dressing official superiors not mounted. 




cljool of ihe Afficep- 



Theory and practice Bhould go hand in hand. Officers 
should be competent to take command in the absence 
of official superiors, and every one be able to command 
his subdivision with credit. A careless or ill informed 
officer may cause the best drilled commandery to ap- 
pear at great disadvantage or throw it into confusion. 
An indolent manner of giving commands is demoraliz- 
ing in its tendency ; hence officers should be energetic 
and prompt and require every Knight to be equally 
prompt and attentive. 

The idea that discipline can not be maintained among 
Knights of Honor is sheer nonsence . yet the instructor 
need not forget that his men are gentlemen who, out of 
ranks, are his peers. 

An officer's squad should be organized, admitting as 
supernumeraries Knights who will take an interest in 
it and fill the place of absentees, Its members should 
be six or twelve beside its chief. Every member should 
be faithful and prompt in attendance, cheerfully obedi- 
ent to orders, attentive and silent in ranks. 

The chief of the squad, whether he be the Com- 
mander or some Knight selected for his peculiar fit- 
ness, must have absolute control. He indicates the 
lessons to be learned, commencing with the vocabulary 

45 



46 SCHOOL OF THE OFFICER. 

and proceeds regularly through, without omitting any- 
thing. One of the most important requisites is prompt- 
ness ; therefore, havi g announced the lesson and the 
hour for meeting, the chief should himself be ready and, 
before the clock ceases to strike, command : Fall in. 
He should always be prompt in time, prompt in giving 
and obeying orders, and prompt in the "etiquette of 
Knightly courtesy ;" promptly meet, promptly com- 
mence and promptly dismiss the squad 

After the oral lesson the squad should be drilled in it 
well and thoroughly, or better, as each motion is ex- 
plained by a Knight, require its execution, until the 
principles are well understood. 

Take frequent rests of two or three minutes only 
when discussion may be indulged in ; but at the com- 
mand attention conversation stops instanter. Discus- 
sion while under instruction should not be permitted ; 
then the chief's ipse dixit is law final. 

Perfect discipline should be observed from the first. 
It is quite as proper to talk during the conference of a 
degree as to talk during drill. 

The officers should alternate in exercising a squad in 
the drill under supervision of the chief, whose crit- 
icisms should be for the benefit of all, not prosy, but 
clear cut, pointed explanations without circumlocution 
or unnecessary comment. 

The instructor ought never to require a movement to 
be made until he has fully explained it, and sees that 
no movement, hoivever trivial it may appear, is performed 
carelessly or with undue haste. He should practice the 
officers and guides especially in estimating distances 
and in becoming familiar with the bugle and sword 
signals. The assembly, forward, halt and threes right are 



SCHOOL OF THE OFFICER. *, 47 

particularly important when the Knights assemble in 
large numbers 

By giving each frequent opportunities to command, 
errors may be corrected, uniformity secured, ambition 
to excel stimulated, closer attention and study encour- 
aged and the general interest increased 

All commands to men under arms are given with the 
sword drawn. If for any purpose Knights of Honor 
and troops are together, officers execute the first mo- 
tion of officers present at the command present, and 
the second motion at the command arms (or sabre) and 
the Knights present swords. In like manner, at the com- 
mand Fours right (or left) march, Knights of Honor 
execute Threes right (or left) march. At the command 
Platoons right wheel, etc., Knights of Honor execute 
Divisions (or double sections) right wheel, and so on. At 
the command parade rest the Vice-Commanders and 
officers of higher rank take that position ; at the com- 
mand attention they carry swords. 

When marching in double time officers who are in 
command, so that their position is in front or a yard or 
more from the flank, bring their swords to the position 
of port, steadying the scabbard with the left hand. 

About face for officers. At the command about carry 
the toe of the right foot about eight inches to the rear 
and three inches to the left of the left heel, without de- 
ranging the direction of the left foot. At the command 
face turn to the right upon the left heel and right toe, 
face to the rear and replace the right heel by the side 
of the left, 

If so directed, officers omit the manual except the pre- 
sent, order, parade rest, rest on swords and uncover. 



48 * SCHOOL OF THE OFFICER. 

THTE band. 

The Drum-major faces the band and gives the signal 
to march. His position is two yards in front of the cen- 
ter of the band. 

The countermarch is executed by the file leaders to 
the right of the Drum major wheeling individually 
about to the right, those to his left to the left ; the other 
men of each file follow their file leaders. The Drum- 
major passes through the center 

In executing rear open order each rank of the band 
steps back three yards from the rank in its front, the 
front being on a line with the front rank of the Com- 
mandery and six yards from its right. 

Bands should be required to keep their proper dis- 
tances and take the full thirty inch step, also that 
they should be careful to keep time with each other, 
when practicable ; and, if near together, two should not 
play at the same time 

At the command halt the music ceases. 

Do not take it for granted that the band is familiar 
with the cadence in common and quick time, but test its 
accuracy by the watch and notice the length of the 
step. 




School of tlje h, on^cmdeptj. 

Remarks. Thorough instruction in the elementary 
School of the Knight is absolutely essential to success 
in the movements of the Commandery, which depend 
upon the precision of the drill. This can only be at- 
tained by practice, the strictest attention of every Knight, 
and the intelligent assistance of the chiefs of subdi- 
visions. One awkward Knight or the undue swinging 
of a single hand, will wholly destroy the beauty of the 
line. 

In this work " file closers >} have been dispensed with, 
and officers are assigned places that will utilize every 
available uniform in extending the lines, because many 
Commanderies are small and comparatively few of their 
members are equipped, hence they can not afford to 
scatter their numerical strength, and because the ne- 
cessity for file closers does not appear in the movements 
of a Commandery, as is claimed for the operations of 
belligerents, nor do they add to the symmetry of the for- 
mations for display. 

The Past Officers wearing shoulder-straps form on the 
right according to height, but have no other distinc- 
tion. 

The Commander as instructor goes wherever his 
presence is necessary ; in column his place is on the 

49 



50 SCHOOL OF THE COMMANDERY. 

left of the First Vice -Commander, or four yards to the 
left and abreast of the leading subdivision ; if the Com- 
mandery be in line his post is two yard3 in front of the 
center, or on the right flank at the right of the First 
Vice-Commander. 

The First Vice-Commander, in line, is on the right 
flank ; in column of divisions, as chief of the first divi- 
sion, he marches two yards in front of its center. He 
is also the right or left guide, according as in the maneu- 
vers he finds himself on the right or left of the Com- 
mandery. 

The Second Vice-Commander in line is, in like man- 
ner, on the left flank as left guide. He is chief of the 
rear division when the right is in front, and of the lead- 
ing division when the left is in front. 

It is the duty of the Vice- Commanders and Aides to 
assist the Commander in maintaining order in the 
ranks ; habitually preserving their own correct position, 
and if necessary, they caution the Knights in a low 
tone . 

The Secretary, Treasurer and Sentry having shoulder- 
straps, form with the Past Officers; or form the rear 
rank of the Standard Guard, when the formation is 
double rank. 

The Senior Aide is on the right, and the Junior Aide 
on the left of the Standard Bearer or ' ' Guard ' ' These 
three form the Standard Guard, whose place is in the 
front rank, and as near the center of the Commandery 
as practicable. 

A Commandery is divided into two, and if desirable 
into three or four (nearly) equal parts ; each part is 
called a division, the odd number of threes being in the 
division on the left. It is better that there should be 



SCHOOL OF THE COMMANDERY. 51 

but two divisions, bo designated when the Commandery 
is formed. But for the purpose of placing the standard 
in a center dwision, there may be three, or in order to 
equally divide the Commandery into four parts, to form 
square, when double sections will not accomplish it, 
four divisions may be formed. In line of triree ranks 
the front rank is the first division, the middle rank is 
the second division, and the rear rank the third division.* 
In column, the leading division is the first division, 
whether the right or left is in front. 

The Chief of a subdivision is the officer or Knight on 
its right, unless otherwise especially designated. 

The Guide of a subdivision is generally the Knight 
on its left. 

Subdivisions are designated numerically from right 
to left, w T hen in line, and from the head of the column 
to the rear. The designation changes w T hen by facing, 
etc., the left becomes the right; officers in command 
cautioners* division, etc., whenever the designation is 
changed. 

FORMATION OF A COMMANDERY. 

At the sound of the assembly every Knight hastens to 
the place from which the sound came ; promptness being 
the first most excellent quality for a well drilled Com- 
mandery. The First Vice -Commander commands : 

Fall in, 
and indicates the basis for the line, be then places him- 
self six yards in front of the center, facing it. 

The Knights form in column of files faced to right, 
graduated in height from front to rear, tallest in front, 
swords at carry. 

* This is a matter of convenience, not the rule. 



52 SCHOOL OF THE COMMA NDERY. 



2 V.C, 






The First Vice* Commander now orders : 

1. Left. 2. Face. 3. Count Threes. 

The First Knight on the right (front and rear rank) 
counts one, the next at his left says two, the next three, 
the next one, and so on to the left, without turning 
their heads, but counting in a firm, quick tone. Observ- 
ing the cadence adds much to the appearance and ef- 
fect. 

[The First Vice Commander may be counted as one 
in the leading three of very small Commanderies, and 
the Second Vice Commander may march with the left 
three if the number is wanting] 

The First Vice Commander then commands : Ones 
count, when numbers one of each three successively 
turn their heads to the left, at the same time count one, 
two, etc., from right to left, and immediately turn the 
head to the front. He then indicates the right and left 
of divisions, leaving the odd three in the left division, 
and commands : 

1, Second division. 2. Left side step. 3. March. 
4 Division. 5. Halt. 

The fifth command is given when the division has 
gained an interval of two yards. 

In the meantime the Standard Guard (with the stand- 
ard) forms six yards from the left, perpendicular to the 
line and in inverse order ; that is, the Senior Aide is on 
the left and the Junior Aide on the right of the Standard 
Bearer (Guard). 



SCHOOL OF THE COMMANDERY. 58 

The First Vice Commander now commands : 

1. Standard Guard. 2. Post. 3. Present. 4 Swords. 

The line presents and the guard marches, under 
direction of the Senior Aide standard saluting, between 
the Commandery and First Vice-Commander, opposite 
to its place, wheels to the right, marches through the 
opening between the divisions and halts, comes to an 
about face, and the First Vice Commander immediately 
commands : 

1. Carry. 2. Swords. 3. Right: 4. Dress. 5. Front. 
6. Present. 7. Swords. 

This is acknowledged by the Commander, who raises 
his chapeau, he having taken position three yards in 
rear of First Vice-Commander and facing the Com- 
mandery. He stands with arms folded until just be- 
fore the command present. 

The First Vice-Commander comes to an about face, 
palutes with the sword and says : 

Sir, the Commandery is formed. 

The salute is acknowledged with the hand and the 
First Vice Commander faces about, marches to within 
one yard of the. line, turns to the left, and when op- 
posite his place turns to the right and halts in rear of 
it, faces about and dresses on the line 

When he faces the Commandery to the left into line 
(if so instructed) he brings it to support swords and calls 
the roll, each Knight coming to a carry and order 
swords as his name is called, and then answers, '•Here." 

This is the formal ceremony, but the Commander 
may, in emergencies, order the Commandery to fall in; 



54 SCHOOL OF THE COMMANDERY, 

left face; count threes; ones count, and designate the di- 
visions only. 

If preferred, the order may be count sixes , in lieu of 
threes. 

How to Determine Position in Column. 

The odd threes are the right and the even threes the 
left of sections. 

When ones count, the odd threes being the right and 
the even threes the left of sections, the number of each 
section and position of any three may be instantly as- 
certained by dividing the number by two, thus: the 
three whose number one counted "six" knows that, 
as the half of six is three, it is the left (even num- 
bered) half of the third section, or sixth three from the 
right of the line or head of the column. If he counted 
" five" the three is the next or first three to the left 
(or rear) of the second section. 

An odd three at the rear of the column marches in 
rear of the three on the side of the guide and of the rear 
section. The First Vice-Commander may take the 
place of number one on the right of the line and the 
Second Vice- Commander may march as the left flank 
man, in which case they temporarily lose their identity 
as officers and become Knights in rank to fill vacan- 
cies. 

If there are but two in the three on the left, number 
two marches, when in column, as number three, leaving 
the place of number two vacant, but in line he dresses 
up to his number one. 

It is not necessary to count twos for any purpose, 
though it may be done if desired. 

To count sixes in lieu of threes is perhaps the sim- 



SCHOOL OF THE COMMANDERY. 55 

plest method to determine positions in line and column 
for all possible combinations of successive movements. 

To Form in Two Ranks. 

The Knights fall in as explained ; the Commander 
commands : 

1. In two ranks form Commandery. 2. March. 

At the second command the First Vice-Commander 
and the Knight on the right face to the left (front). 
The Second Knight places himself in rear covering the 
first one, the others close in quick time, form alternate 
ly in front and rear rank, and each faces to the front 
upon arriving in his proper place ; then count threes as 
before explained. Or the Knights may fall in, if so in- 
structed, in two ranks, faced to the right, and the form- 
ation is completed as before. 

To Dismiss the Commandery. 

Being in line at a halt. 

1. Return, 2, Swords. 3. Break ranks* 4. March. 
To Open Ranks. 

Being at a halt. N 

1. Rear open order. 2. March 3. Front. 

At the first command the First Vice Commander and 
Second Vice-Commander march backward three yards 
to mark the new alignment. At the command march 
the front rank dresses to the right, the rear rank casts 
the eyes to the right and steps backward, halts a little 
in rear of alignment and dresses to the right on the 
line established by the Vice Commanders. The Com- 
mander verifies the alignment of the front and the First 



56 SCHOOL OF THE COMMANDERY. 

Vice-Commander of the rear ranks At the command 
front the Vice Commanders place themselves three 
yards in front of the centers of their divisions. 

1. Close order. 2. March. 

At the command march the officers face about, ap- 
proach to within one yard of the line> march along its 
front and resume their places in line, the rear rank 
closes up in quick time to facing distance, each Knight 
covering his front rank f rater. 

In Line, Single Rank, to Open Order. 

The same rules and commands apply as in double 
rank, except that twos are counted, if not otherwise 
known; the even numbers march straight backward 
and form the rear rank, in open order, so as to be ex- 
actly in rear of their own intervals between numbers 
one of the front rank. The intervals are not closed in 
dressing. 

When ranks are closed they resume their places in 

line. 

To March in Line. 

1. Forward. 2. Guide right (or left), 3. March. 
At the commond march all step off with the left foot 
in quick time, the First Vice-Commander as right guide 
taking points in advance perpendicular to the line, and 
with the greatest care observes the length and cadence 
of the steps. The touch of elbow toward the guide is 
kept up and the alignment carefully preserved This 
should be frequently practiced, and for long distances. 

1, Commandery. 2. Halt. 
At the second command every Knight halts and the 
alignment is made 



SCHOOL OF THE COMMANDERY. 57 

To Wheel the Commandery. 
Being in line at halt : 

1, Right (or left) wheel, 2, March. 3. Commandery. 

4 Halt. 5., Left (or right) . 6 Dress. 7. Front. 

At the command march the commandery wheels to 
right on a fixed pivot. The First Vice Commander stands 
fast, so that the breast of the pivot Knight may rest 
against his left arm at the completion of the wheel. 
The Commander superintends the wheel, moves by the 
shortest line to a point, commandery distance, where 
the left of the line will rest directly in front of the First 
Vice Commander and facing him . At the command halt, 
given when the left guide is three yards from the per- 
pendicular, the Commandery halts and the Second Vice- 
Commander promptly places himself so that his breast 
will touch the Commander's right arm, who steps back 
two yards and commands left, dress, when the Knights 
dress up to the line of the pivot and Second Vice-Com- 
mander. At the command front the First Vice Com- 
mander places himself on the right of the pivot. 

To continue the march upon completion of the wheel 
the Commander Commands forward when the Second 
Vice-Commander arrives at three yards from the per- 
pendicular, adding march the instant the wheel is com- 
pleted, and guide left (or right) immediately afterward. 
At the command forward the First Vice-Commander 
places himself at the side of the pivot 

In all wheels the guide is on the marching flank and 
slightly advances the shoulder opposite the pivot, keep- 
ing the pivot constantly in view 

In wheeling on a movable pivot the command for- 
ward is given in time to add march the instant the 



58 SCHOOL OF THE COMMANDERY 

wheel is completed, and the guide is announced on 
either flank. 

To continue the wheel that caution is given, as the 
marching flank approaches the perpendicular, and the 
wheeling is kept up as if but just commenced. If on a 
fixed pivot, the Vice Commander on the pivot flank 
places himself in line, at the side of the pivot Knight, 
and halts as before. This maybe continued ad libitum, 
or the direction of the wheel may be changed at the 
command : 1 Left (or right) wheel. 2. March, when 
the same principles will govern as before. 

To Effect a Slight Change of Direction. 

Ineline to the right (or left). 

Being in march. 

The guide advances gradually the left shoulder and 
marches in the new direction; all the files advance 
the left shoulder and conform to the movements of the 
guide, lengthening or shortening the step according as 
the change is toward the side of the guide or the side 
opposite. 

While this should be learned, a half wheel will or- 
dinarily effect the desired object. 

To Turn. 

1. Right (or left) turn. 2 March. 

Is given when marching in line. 

At the second command the First Vice- Commander 
faces to the right, without halting, and continues the 
march ; all the files increase the gait and hasten to his 
left, taking the step and touch of elbow from him on ar- 
riving in line 

Right (or left) half turn is similarly executed. 



SCHOOL OF THE COMMANDERY. 59 

To March by the Flank. 

Being in line at a halt. 

1. Bight (or left). 2. Face. 3. Forward. 4. March. 
Or, 1. By the right (or left) flank, 2. March, if in 
march. Or, from a halt or in march command : 

1, Threes right (or left). 2. March. 



At the command march each three wheels to the 
rig' t on a fixed pivot. Upon completion of the wheel 
the front rank of each three takes the full step, the rear 
ranks fall hack until there are twenty one inches be- 
tween the front and rear ranks. The front rank of the 
second three will be twenty-one inches from the rear 
rank of the first three, and so on to the rear of the 
column 

The Vice Commanders each march forty-four inches 
to the front and face to the right; the First Vice-Com- 
mander places himself twenty one inches in front of 
the left file of the first three, and marches on a line 
parallel to the former front of the commandery, and the 
Second Vice Commander follows twenty- one inches in 
rear of the left file of the last three. This brings the 
front rank of each three at wheeling distance, as they 
would be had there been but one rank in the line ; the 
rear ranks are half way between the front ranks of the 
threes 

In wheeling by threes the for w ard march is always 
taken up on completion of the wheel unless the com- 
mand to halt is given. 



60 SCHOOL OF THE COMMANDERY. 

To March in Columns of Threes to the Front. 

Being in line, at a halt or in inarch. 

1. Right (or left) forward. 2. Threes right (or left). 

3. March. 

ESS At the third command the 

KMa First Vice-Commander places 

"""* himself in front of the left 

v mmm file of the right three; the 

™J right three moves straight to 

m^ va the front, shortening the first 

jjjjj^ three steps ; the rear rank, if 

t*\ — -?r — -^r-^P^l there be one, falls back to 

f* \ / ' & '• ?*\A jl\ 

/ ' . j / I / I / N j ,- y/ i halt distance ; the other threes 
i , i i . i I I I I i '~^ LA rr J f wheel to the right on a fixed 
pivot; the second three, when its wheel is two-thirds 
completed, wheels to the left on a movable pivot and 
follows the first three, and the others, having wheeled 
to the right, move forward and wheel to the left on the 
same ground as the second. 

To Change Direction of Column. 

Being in march. 

1. Column right (or left). 2. March. 

If the change of direction be to the side opposite the 
guide, he wheels as if on the marching flank of a rank 
of three : if the change of direction be toward the side 
of the guide, he shortens his steps at the command 
march and wheels to the right, the leading three wheels 
on a movable pivot, its pivot following the trace of the 
guide. The wheel being completed the guide and lead- 
ing rank retake the thirty inch step ; the other threes 
move forward and wheel on the same ground. 



SCHOOL OF THE COMMANDERY. 61 

1, Column half right (or left). 2. March, is similarly 
executed. 

1. Forward. 2. Column right (or left). 3. March. 
Puts the column in march and changes its direction. 

1. Threes right (or left). 2. Column right (or left). 
3. March, 
Forms column and changes its direction. 

To Halt a Column and to Put it in Motion. 

1. Commandery. 2. Halt. Or, 1. Forward. 2. March. 

To Obfcque in Column. 

In obliquing in column of threes or subdivisions, the 
guide, without indication, is always on the side toward 
which the oblique is made. On resuming the direct 
march the guide, without indication, is on the same 
side it was previous to the oblique. 

Practice obliquing in column and in line often and for 
a long distance at a time, that the errors may be seen 
and corrected. 

1. Eight (or left) oblique* 2 March. 

/f During the oblique the threes pre- 
serve their parallelism ; the Knight in 
each rank of three on the side toward 
/t^S/JF^ which the oblique is made is the guide 
of the rank. The leading guide is the 
guide of the column when the oblique 
i is toward his flank. If toward the op- 
posite flank the guide of the front rank 
of the leading three is the guide of 
the column. 

♦Pronounced Obe-like. 




62 SCHOOL OF THE COMMANDERY. 

1. Forward. 2, March 
Is given to resume the direct march. 

To March a Column of Threes to the Rear, 
1. Threes right (or left) about. 2. March. 

Each rank of three wheels about on a fixed pivot and 
marches to the former rear. The rear ranks, if there 
are two ranks, preserve their distance of twenty- one in- 
ches from the front ranks when in column r — > — ■> 
of threes ; the pivot of the rear rank closes iS ^f""N| 
up to his front rank pivot, covers him dur- j f , , , \l 
ing the wheel, and on its completion falls ' ^-, ^" ~> W 
back to twenty one inches. / X \ 

The guide at the head of the column ' ^L„\4r 
takes two steps forward, faces to the right, / 
and places himself, on completion of the C=I 
about, in rear of the file on the marching Z 1 
flank of the now rear three. The guide at / > ■ i \ T 
the rear of the column faces to the right s m^m\ 
and places himself, on completion of the , ^a 

about, in front of the file on the marching * 

flank of the now leading three. 

The Commander faces about and hastens to place 
himself on the left of the guide at the head of the col- 
umn. 

If the movement is made to the left, the leading guide 
takes two steps straight forward and faces about ; the 
leading three wheels past him, when he places himself 
twenty-one inches in rear of its left file by retracing his 
steps ; the guide in the rear of the column faces about 
and preserves his distance, marching forward when the 
movement is completed. 



SCHOOL OF THE COMMANDERY. 63 

To Form Line from Column of Threes. 

1. Threes right (or left). 2. March. 3. Guide (right or 
left) ; or, 3. Commandery. 4. Halt. 5. Left (or right) . 
6. Dress. 7. Front. 

The threes wheel to the right, into line, on a fixed 
pivot. 

If in two ranks the rear rank closes to facing distance 
during the wheel, and if executed in double time, re- 
gains the distance of twenty -one inches should the line 
advance when formed. The guide, if in front of the 
pivot, takes two steps forward and faces to the right, 
placing himself on the left of the leading three upon 
completion of the wheel. If in front of the marching 
flank, he wheels to the right with the leading three, 
obliquing at the same time so as to uncover the file, 
and places himself on the left of the file when the 
wheel is completed. The guide in rear takes his place % 
on the right of the Commandery, and the guide is an- 
nounced the instant the threes unite in line. 

II the command to halt be given as the threes wheel 
into line, the Commander places the leading guide on 
the line of the pivots at sufficient distance to admit the 
late leading three which dresses on the guide, the 
others dress up to the pivot of the three late in its 
front, thus insuring a prompt alignment. 

1. Onright (or left) into line. 2. March. 3. Command- 
ery. 4. Halt. 5. Right (or left) . 6. Dress. 7. Front. 

At the command march the leading three wheels to 
the right on a movable pivot, and moves forward dress- 
ing on the guide who places himself on its right and 
conducts it. The other threes march a distance equal 



64 



SCHOOL OF THE COMMANDERY. 



to their fronts beyond the wheeling point of the three 
next preceding, wheel to the right and advance as did 
the first three. The rear guide places himself on the 
left of the rear three as it wheels to the right. 

At the command halt, given when the leading three 
has advanced commandery distance in the new direc- 
tion, or at a less distance if desired by the Commander, 
it halts, and at the sixth command, given immediately 




ZM§8§00 



E 



after, dresses to the right. The other threes halt and 
dress successively on arriving in line. The rear rank, 
if there is one, closes to facing distance upon 'halting. 

The seventh command is given when the last three 
has dressed. 

If in double rank, and it is desired to iorm line in sin- 
gle rank, precede the first command by, 1. In single 
rank. 2. On right into tine, etc., and the rear ranks ex- 
ecute the movement the same as the others, passing 
a distance equal to their front beyond where their front 
ranks commenced the wheel. 

If in single rank, to form in double rank the command 



SCHOOL OF THE COMMANDERY. 65 

is, 1. In double rank. 2. On right into line, etc. The 
movement is similar. The rear rank of each three 
wheels to the right on the same ground as its front 
rank 

If marching in double time, or in quick time and the 
command be double time, the Commander orders : guide 
right, when the leading three has wheeled out of the 
column; it then advances in quick time; the others 
continue the double time until they successively arrive 
in line w T hen they take the step and alignment from the 
guide. 

Front into Line in Single and Double Rank. 

1. Right (or left) front intoline. 2. March. 3. Command' 

ery. 4. Halt. 5. Left (or right). 6. Dress. 7. Front. 

At the second command the first three move straight 

to the front, dressing on the leading guide, who places 

63 himself on its left, the other 

rZ^n^r^ 55 threes oblique to the right 

j till opposite their places in 

I— 1 -—! ,! nne > when each in succession 

| ' ' '• i marches forward. 

i , ," At the command halt, given 

Jg y ■/' £A<ssA when the leading three has 

/ /^iV'' advanced commandery dis- 

j/ s /$>/' tance.it halts, and at the sixth 

/ J*/ / command given immediately 

V'V after, dresses to the left. The 

other threes halt and dress 

{\ / to the left upon arriving in 

^ line. The rear ranks close to 

facing distance upon halting. The guide in rear places 

himself on the right of the front rank when the last 

three arrive in line. 



66 SCHOOL OF THE COMMANDERY. 

If marching in double time, or quick time and the com- 
mand is double time, the Commander orders : guide left, 
immediately after the command march, the leading 
three advance in quick time/ the others oblique in dou- 
ble time ; each resumes the forward march when oppo • 
site its place, taking the step and alignment from the 
guide (or dresses) as it arrives in line 

ei If in double rank, and it 

F^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^i-i s desired to form in sin- 
! I ! i-r-T^i J gle rank the command is, 

I i ! I MS&f 1- I n single rank. 2. Bight 
\ j //'/*$/ {or left) front into dine, etc. 

/y / / Each rear rank obliques 

' / /' until it has gained a dis- 

'' / tance equal to its front 

beyond the point where 
its front rank com- 
^ menced the forward 

march, which is opposite its place in line when it too 
marches to the front, halting and dressing as ex- 
plained. 

If in single rank, to form in double rank in line, the 
principles are the same ; the command will then be, 1. 
In double rank. 2. Right front into line, etc. The rear 
rank of each three obliques with and resumes the direct 
march at the same time as the front rank does, closing 
to facing distance on arriving inline. 

To Face a Line to the Rear, and March it to the Rear. 

1. Threes right (or left) about. 2. March. 3 Command- 
ery. 4. Halt. 5. Left (or right). 6. Dress.. 7. Front. 
Or, 3. Guide (right or left). 



SCHOOL OF THE COMMANDERY. 67 

The Commander passes between the nearest threes 
as they wheel about on fixed pivots, and places him- 
self two yards in front of the center of the Commandery, 
and the guides wheel into their places, 

From a halt to march a few paces to the rear : 

1 Commandery. 2. About. 3. Face. 4. Forward. 5 Guide 
(right or left). 6. March. Or, if in march, 1. To the 
rear, 2. March. 3. Guide (right or left). 

The Guides and Standard Guard step into the rear 
rank, now become the front, unless the Secretary, 
Treasurer and Sentinel are formed with the Standard 
Guard and are in its front, which should so remain 
only temporarily. Having faced about, number one of 
each three now becomes number three, and the re- 
verse. 

To Break Threes to the Rear. 

Marching in line, to pass obstacle. 

1. (So many) threes from right (or left) to rear. 2. March. 

At the command march the designated three executes 
left forward, threes left on the three next on its left, which 

remains in line. The. 
Commander points with 
his sword to the inner 
three which leads the 
movement. The guide, 
if the threes are broken 
from his side, closes in 
on the threes which remain in line ; if from the oppo- 
site side, the guide on that flank follows in rear of the 
three next to him. 




68 SCHOOL OF THE COMMANDERY. 

1. Rear threes right (or left) front into line. 2. Double 
time, 3. March. 

The threes which were broken form in line, and the 
guide if on that side hastens to the point where the 
right of the Oommandery will rest. 

The Route Step. 
Being in column of threes, marching. 
1. Route step. 2. March. 
At this command the swords are carried at will and 
the Knights need not preserve silence or keep the step, 
but each covers the file in front and maintains the regu- 
lar distance. 

Change of direction is affected by the same commands 
as when in the cadence step. 

1. Commandery. 2. Attention. 

• At the second command the swords are brought to a 
carry and the cadence step is resumed. 

To Form Column of Files from Column of Threes. 

Being at a halt. 

1. Right (or left) by file. 2. March. 

At the first command the rear rank, if there be one, 
closes to facing distance. 

At the second command the right file of the leading 
three of the front and rear rank moves forward, followed 
in succession by the files on his left. When the left file 
of the leading three is about to commence the oblique, 
the right file, front and rear rank of the second three 
move to the front, and so on to the rear of the column, , 
keeping close to facing distance. 



SCHOOL OF THE COMMANDERY. 69 

The guides (Vice-Commanders) precede and follow 
the leading and rear files. 

If marching, the right file of the leading three con- 
tinues the march, the others halt and resume the 
march at the proper time. The Commander places 
himself on the left of the leading .guide. 

To Foim Column of Threes from Column of Files. 
Being in march. 

1 Form threes. 2. Left (or right) oblique. 3. March. 

At the command march the leading file of each three 
front and rear rank, if there be two ranks, moves for- 
ward two yards and halts, the rear rank Knights fall- 
ing back to twenty-one inches ; the other files oblique 
to the left and place themselves successively on the 
left of the leading files, the rear rank taking the dis- 
tance of twenty one inches from the front rank ; the 
other three successively form as explained for the first, 
the leading file of each three halting at twenty-one in- 
ches from the corresponding file of the next three in 
front. The leading guide places himself in front of the 
left file of the leading three. 

To Form Column of Twos from Line, and Line from 
Column of Twos, 

Is executed similar to like formations by threes. 

To Form Column of Files from Line, and the Reverse. 

In march the command is, 1. By the right (or left) 
flank 2. March. If the line is so formed add : 3. Guide 
{right, left or center). 

From a halt, command : 1. Right (or left) 2. Face. 
3. Forward. 4 March. If by facing the line is formed, 
add : 5. Guide left {right or center) . 



70 SCHOOL OF THE COMMANDERY. 

To Form Single Rank From Double Rank. 

Being in line. 

1. Form single rank. 2 Three right (or left), 3. March. 

All the threes wheel to the right at the command 
march. The front rank of the right threes, upon com- 



pletion of the wheel, continues the march, and is con- 
ducted by the right guide who is in front of the file on 
the marching flank ; the other ranks halt and succes- 
sively resume the march when at fifty-four inches, 
wheeling distance, from the rank preceding. 

The rearmost rank having its distance, the Com- 
mander orders : 

1. Threes left (or right), 2. March 3. Commandery. 
4. Halt. 5. Left (or right). 6. Dress. 7. Front. 
Or, 3. Guide (right or left). 

Marching in Column to Form Single Rank. 

1. Form single Bank. 2. March. 

At the second command, the front rank of the lead- 
ing three continues the march, the others halt and re- 
sume the march when at wheeling distance, the rear- 
most three having its distance line, is formed as be- 
fore. 

If marching in double time, or in quick time, and the 
command be double time, the front rank of the leading 
three marches in double time ; the others halt and take 
the double time when at wheeling distance. 



SCHOOL OF THE COMMANDERY. 71 

The leading guide in column of threes at single rank 
distance places himself twenty-four inches in front of 
the file on the marching flank of the leading three. The 
rear guide follows at the same distance in rear of the 
file on the marching flank of the rear three. 

In single rank the positions of the officers are the same 
as when in double rank. The Commandery executes 
all the movements explained for double rank, by simi- 
lar commands and means. 

For small Commanderies the single rank formation 
should generally be used. 

To Form Double Rank. 

Being in line single rank. 

1. Form double rank. 2. Threes right (or left). 3. March. 

At the command march, the ranks of three wheel to 
the right, the leading rank halts the instant the wheel 
is completed ; the others continue the march and halt 
successively upon closing to twenty- one inches from 
the rank preceding. 



The rearmost rank having gained this distance, the 
Commander commands : 

1. Threes left (or right). 2. March. 3. Commandery. 

4. Halt, 5 Left (or right). 6. Dress. 7. Front. Or, 

3 Guide (right or left) 

The command is threes left (or right), according as the 
front ranks are on the right, or left, of their rear r< nks. 
Should the original left three be in front, and its rear 



72 SCHOOL OF THE COMMANDERY. 

rank wanting, the front rank of the succeeding three 
instead of closing remains at its wheeling distance of 
fifty- four inches. 

If the rearmost three is wanting in numbers to com- 
plete it, the Second Vice-Commander marches with it 
when the nature of his duties as guide, etc , does not 
render it impracticable ; but when the Commandery is 
in line he is in the front rank on the left (or right). 

Marching in column oj threes, single rank distance, the 
front rank of each three being in front of its rear rank, 
to form double ranks, command: 

1. Form double rank. 2. March. 

At the second command the leading rank halts ; the 
others continue the march, each halting at twenty-one 
inches from the rank preceding, the rearmost rank 
having closed, the line is formed as before 

To Close to Double Rank Distance. 

Being in march, threes at single rank distance, 

1. Double rank distance. 2. Double time. 3. March. 

The leading rank continues in quick time ; the other 
ranks close to twenty- one inches in double time and 
resume the quick time as do the others successively 
upon closing to twenty-one inches. 

To Form Column of Divisions. 

Being in line at a halt. 

1. Divisions right (or left) wheel. 2. March. 
At the first command the First Vice-Commander as 
chief of the first division, and the Second Vice-Corn- 



SCHOOL OF THE COMMANDERY. 



73 





fH*- inander, as chief of the 
second division, place 
themselves two yards in 
front of the center of and 
facing their divisions, re- 
peat the command, divis- 

Double Rank -without Standard. 10U right wheel. At the 

second command, briskly repeated, each chief of divis 
ion hastens by the shortest line to the point where 
the left of his division will rest and faces the late rear, 
the divisions wheel to 
the right on fixed piv- 
ots and the wheel of 
each division is con- 
ducted as explained 
in the wheelings of* 
the Commandery, the Single rank, with Standard. 
Knights on the right and left of the divisions acting as 
right and left guides ; when the division approaches the 
perpendicular its chief commands : 

1. Division. 2. Halt 3. Left 4. Dress 5. Front, 

At the command halt the Knights on the le f t of the 
divisions place themselves so that their breasts will 
touch the right arms of their chiefs, who then step 
back two yards and each dresses his division and 
places himself in front of its center. 

At the command march, the Standard Guard also 
wheels under direction of the Senior Aid, who is its 
chief, to the center of the column midway between the 
divisions. 

If in march, the Commandery wheels into column by 
the same commands as at a halt. At the command 



74 SCHOOL OF THE COMMANDERY. 

march the pivots halt and mark time in their places, so 
as to conform to movement of the marching flank. 

The position of the Commander is on the side of the 
guide, four yards from the flank and abreast of the 
leading division. 

Whenever in column a subdivision is dressed, its 
chief places himself two yards in front of its center, ex- 
cept the chiefs of threes and sections who habitually 
remain on the flanks of their subdivisions. 
1, In three (or four) divisions. 2. Right wheel. 3. March. 

The Commander having previously indicated the 
right and left of the divisions, so that the standard 
shall be in the center of the second division, the First 
Vice- Commander commands the leading division and 
the Second Vice-Commander the rear division. At the 
second command the Senior Aid steps to the front, takes 
command of the middle division, the Junior Aid takes 
the Senior Aid's place, and the left guide of this divis- 
ion quickly fills the interval at the left of the standard. 
If in two ranks the Junior Aid hastens to the right of the 
Standard Bearer, and the number three, who covered the 
Junior Aid, steps into the front rank on the left of the 
standard as soon as the interval is made. / 

The wheels are conducted as already explained ; at 
the command front the chiefs of divisions place them- 
selves in front of the centers of their divisions. 

To Form Column of Divisions and Move Forward 

without Halting. 

Being in line at a halt. 

1. Continue the march. 2. Divisions right (or left) wheel, 

3. March. 4. Forward. 5. March. 

6, Guide (right or left), 

The divisions wheel as before, except that the chiefs 



SCHOOL OF THE COMMANDERY. /5 

of divisions remain in front of their centers. Each 
guide preserves his proper distance, and exactly covers 
the leading guide, who is careful to march straight and 
keep the correct step and cadence. 

To put a Column of Divisions in Motion and Halt it. 

1. Forward. 2. Guide {right or left) . 3. March, will 
put the column in motion from a halt ; and 1. Command- 
ery. 2. Halt, will halt it. 

To Oblique. 

The oblique is by the same commands and means, 
as heretofore explained, for obliquing in column of 
threes. 

To Change Direction of a Column of Divisions. 

Being in march. i 

1, Column right (or left). 2. March. 

At the first command the chief of the leading divis- 
ion commands, right wheel; at the command march, 
repeated by the chief, the division wheels to the right 
on a movable pivot ; the chief adding 1. Forward. 2. 
March, on the completion of the wheel ; then adds 
guide left (or right), according to the position of the guide 
before the wheel. 

The second division marches squarely up to the 
wheeling point and changes direction by the same 
means and commands from its chief. 

The Standard Guard wheels on the same ground, 
under direc ion of its chief (who does not leave his 
place on its right), and preserves its place in column. 

When the right of a column is in front, the guide is 
left, and the reverse when the left is in front. This is 



76 SCHOOL OF THE COMMANDERY, 

not given as a rigid rule, but as a suggestion, the 
matter be T ng entirely at the discretion of the Com- 
mander. 

In changing direction it is essential that the rear of 
the column should never be checked ; each chief, there- 
fore, whose place is in front of it, faces his division 
while wheeling, and sees that the guides take the full 
step of thirty, or thirty -five, inches, and the pivot nine, 
or eleven, inches, according to the time. 

The guide in wheeling, is always on the marching 
flank without command ; on its completion each chief 
of division, or double-section, cautions his subdivision 
guide left, or right, according as the guide was before the 
wheel 

Column Half Right or Left 

Ts similarly executed ; each chief gives the prepara- 
tory command of right (or left) half wheel. 

To put a Column of Divisions in March, and change 
direction at the same time, 

1. Forward. 2. Guide (right or left). 3 Column right (or 
left) ; or 3. Column half rigM (or left), 4. March. 

To Face a Column of Divisons to the Rear, and March 
it to the Rear. 

1. Threes right (or left) about. 2. March. 3. Command- 
ery. 4. Halt ; or 3 Guide (left or right) . 

At the fourth command, given the instant the threes 
complete the wheel, each chief goes to the left of his 
division and dresses it to the left, commands front, and 
places himself in front of its center. 



SCHOOL OF THE COMMANDERY. 



77 



To march to the rear without halting, the Captain 
General announces the guide when the wheel is nearly 
completed. 

If the column be faced to the rear and one division 
be smaller than the other, the guide of the second di- 
vision regains the trace and wheeling distance on the 
march. 

The Standard Guard conforms to these movements 
and carefully preserves its central position. 

The leading division is always the first division, 
whether the right or left is in front. 



To Form Line to the Left or Right from Column 
of Divisions. 
Being at a halt. 

1. Left (or right) into line wheel, 2. March. 3. Com- 

mandery. 4. Halt. 5. Bight (or left). 

6 Dress, 7. Front. 

The first command is repeated by the Vice-Com- 
manders, who promptly take their places on the left 
^^^^^^jp^fes^a^^^^^^^ flanks of their divisions 
as guides, the one in the 
rear exactly covering the 
one in front. 

At the command march 
the Vice - Commanders 
turn their heads toward their divisions, repeat the 
command, and stand fast; the divisions wheel on a 
fixed pivot. 

The Standard Guard wheels, conducted by and un- 
der direction of its chief, so that when the wheel is 




78 SCHOOL OP THE COMMANDERY. 

nearly completed he shall be opposite his place in 
line. 

The Commander commands halt, and places himself 
in prolongation of the line marked by the Vice- Com- 
manders where the marching flank of the leading divis- 
ions will rest, and faces the Vice Commanders. 

At the sixth command, the divisions and Standard 
Ouard dress up to the line ; at the seventh command 
the Vice-Commanders take their places on the flanks 
of the Commandery, 

If marching, the movement is executed as just ex- 
plained, except at the command march the pivots halt 
and mark time in their places so as to conform to the 
movements of the marching flank. 

To Form Line and Continue the March. 

1. Continue the march* 2. Left (or right) into line wheel. 

3. March. 4. Forward. 5. March . 

6. Guide left (or right). 

The chiefs repeat the commands to and including the 
third, and quickly return to their posts in line, so as to 
step off with the Commandery at the fifth command. 

The pivots are careful to turn in their places as be- 
fore, until the wheel is completed. 

In long lines the guide may be center, when all will 
dress on the Standard Bearer. 

To Form Line on the Right (or Left) from Column of 
Divisions. 
Being in march. 

The Commander indicates that the guide is right or 



SCHOOL OF THE COMMANDERY. 



79 



lefty on the flank toward which the movement is to be 
executed and commands : 

1. On right (or left) into line. 2 March. 3. Front. 

At the first command, the chief of the first division 
commands right turn; at the command march, repeated 
by its chief, the first division turns to the right, ad- 
vances in the new direction, division distance, when 
the chief halts it, commands : 

1. Eight. 3. Dress, and takes 
his place on its right. The Stam^ 
ard Guard and second division 
^ march straight forward, their 
chiefs successively command right 
turn in time to add march when 
each is opposite its place in line ; 
they are halted by the chiefs, the 
Standard Guard when at one and 
the division when at three yards 
from the line, who successively 
command Right. Dress ; and when the chief of the 
second division has given the second command, he 
takes his post on the left. 

The Commander superintends the alignment from 
the right, and commands front. 

A similar movement by threes from column of divis- 
ions or sections may be executed, as before explained ; 
each three in succession breaking from its division by 
wheeling when opposite its place in line ; the command, 
when in columns of sections or divisions, being pre- 
ceded by, 1. By threec. 2. On right into line, etc. 




80 



SCHOOL OF THE COMMANDERY. 




To Break into Divisions. 

From a halt. 

1 Right (or left) by divisions. 2. March. 3. Guide left 
(or right). 

At the first command, the Vice -Commanders qu'ckly 
take their places in front of their 
divisions ; the chief of first divis- 
ion commands/orward; the chiefs 
of the Standard Guard and sec- 
ond division command right ob- 
lique 

At the command march repeat- 
ed by the chief of the right divis- 
ion, the division moves forward, 
3 the chief repeating guide left. The 
chiefs of the Standard Guard and left division success- 
ively command march the instant they are severally 
disengaged 

The Senior Aid commands forward and adds March 
the instant the Standard Guard is opposite the center 
of the first division, and so regulates the steps, that it 
may immediately gain and preserve its proper dis- 
tance. 

The chief of the left division commands, 1. Forward, 
and adds 2. March. 3. Guide left, the instant the 
Knight on its left arrives in trace of the guide of the 
leading division; the guide is careful to regulate his 
steps so as to preserve the proper distance. 

If marching, the chief of the first division repeats the 
command, indicating the place of the guide. 

The chiefs of Standard Guard and second division 
command, 1. Standard Guard (or Second division). 2. 



SCHOOL OF THE COMMANDERY. 81 

Mark time, repeat the command march, adding right ob- 
lique in time to command march the instant they are 
disengaged ; the movement is completed as from a 
halt. 

To Re-form the Commatidery. 

Being at a halt. 

1. Form Commandery. 2. Left (or right) oblique. 
3 March. 4. Front. 

At the second command the chief of the first division 
commands, 1. Forward. 2. Guide right. The chiefs of 
the Standard Guard and second division command left 
oblique. 

At the command march, repeated by the chiefs, the 
first division advances division distance, when its chief 
commands, 1. First Division 2. Halt. 3. Right. 4. 
Dress, and returns to his place on the right flank. 

The Standard Guard obliques to the left, its chief 
commanding 1. Forward in time to add 2. March 3. 
Guide right the instant the guard is opposite its place in 
line. When in rear of the line its chief halts it and 
commands, 1. Right. 2. Dress. 

The second division marches to its place in line by 
the same commands and means as described for the 
Standard Guard, is halted at three yards from the line, 
and its chief commands, 1. Right, 2. Dress, and takes 
his post on its left. 

The Commander superintends the alignment from 
the right, and gives the fourth command. 

If marching in quick time, and the command be double 
time, the Commander commands Guide right (or left) 
immediately after the command march, the chief of the 



82 SCHOOL OF THE COMMANDERY. 

leading division commands Forward, March, and re- 
peats the indication for the guide. The chiefs of the 
Standard Guard and second division repeat the com- 
mands double time, march, and when they are about to 
arrive in line, command quick time, adding March the 
instant they are abreast of the leading division The 
divisions and Standard Guard united, the Vice Com- 
manders return to their posts on the flanks. 

If marching in double time the chief of the first divis- 
ion, at the first command of the Commander, commands 
quick time, repeats the command march, and also the 
command for the guide. 

To March a Column of Divisions by the Flank and 

Re-form the Column. 
Being at a halt. % 

1. Right (or left). 2. Face. 3. Forward. 4. March, 
5. Guide left (or right). 

The Vice Commanders place themselves in front of 
the leading files, and the Standard Guard marches in 
column of files in the center between the divisions. 
The Commander is on the side of the guide, four yards 
from the flank, abreast of the chiefs of division, or on a 
line midway between them. 

If in march the divisions may be moved to the right 
or left by the commands, 1. By the right (or left) flank. 
2. March. 3, Guide left (or right). 

Or, if at a halt, or in march, by the command : 
1. Threes right (or left). 2. March. 3. Guide left (or 
right). 

The Vice Commanders quickly place themselves in 
front of their divisions, as in column of threes ; the 



SCHOOL OF THE COMMANDERY. 



83 



Standard Guard wheels as other threes do, and main- 
tains its central position. 

To Form in Column Again. 

If the divisions are marching by the flank in columns 
of files, command, 1. By the left (or right) flank. 2. 
March. 3. Guide left (or right). 

If marching in columns of threes, as explained, the 
Commander commands : 

1. Threes left (or right). 2. March. 3. Guide left (or 
right) , or 3, Commandery. 4. Halt. 

The threes and Standard Guard wheel to the left into 
column of divisions ; the Vice-Commanders take their 
positions and exact distances are carefully preserved. 

If halted, the chiefs dress their commands and 
promptly take their places in front of the cent&rs of 
their division. 

To Advance by the Right or Left of Divisions from 

Line. 
1. Divisions. 2. Right (or left) forward. 3. Threes right 
(or left). 4. March. 5. Guide right (or left). 
At the second command the Vice- Commanders 

quickly place them- 
selves in front of the 
centers of their divis- 
ions. At the com- 
mand march each di- 
vision executes the 
movement from its 
right. The chiefs 
place themselves in 




84 SCHOOL OF THE COMMANDERY. 

front of the left files of the leading threes, the Com- 
mander is midway between and on a line with the 
Vice-Commanders. 

The Standard Guard wheels to the right, and follows 
the division whose rear file is next to it, until it is op- 
posite the center between the divisions when it wheels 
to the left and marches into its place in the center, un- 
der direction of its chief. 

To Form in Line again. 

1. Divisions. 2. Left (or right) front into line. 3. March. 

4. Commandery, 5 Halt. 6. Right (or left) . 

7. Dress. 8. Front. 

The Vice- Commanders hasten to their posts on the 
flanks. 

The Standard Guard obliques to the left, halts in 
rear of its place in line, under direction of its chief, and 
dresses to the right. The command halt is given when 
the leading threes have advanced division distance. 

To Form Column of Threes from Column of Divisions. 

1. Divisions. 2. Right (or left) forward. 3. Threes, right 
(or left). 4. March. 

The First Vice-Commander takes his place in column 
of threes ; The Second Vice-Commander faces about 
and takes his place in rear of the column, as his divis- 
ion passes ; and the Standard Guard marches straight 
forward, wheeling to the right into its place in rear of 
the division in its front as it passes. 



SCHOOL OF THE COMMANDERY. 85 

To Form Column of Divisions From Column of Threes. 

1. Divisions. 2. Left (or right) front into line. 3. March. 
4 Commandery. 5 Halt. 

At the second command the Vice Commanders place 
themselves on the left and opposite the centers of their 
divisions. 

At the third command each division executes left 
front into line ; the chiefs place themselves in front of 
the centers of their divisions ; the Standard Guard ob- 
liques to the left and marches to the center between 
the divisions, under direction of its chief. The com- 
mand halt is given when the leading division has ad- 
vanced division distance ; each chief dresses his divis- 
ion to the right, and takes his place in front of its cen- 
ter. 

If executed in double time, or in quick time, and the 
command be double time, the Commander commands: 
Guide right (or left) immediately after the command 
march. 




Eemarks. — Thus far the movements have been chiefly 
» legitimate or in accord with the U. S. Infantry Tactics, 
substituting threes for fours, divisions for platoons, dis- 
pensing with^te closers, causing the Vice -Commanders 
to perform the double duty of lieutenants and ser- 
geants, and providing for a Standard Guard. 

The movements which follow are in harmony with 
the principles laid down 

As it not desirable to describe minutely every detail 
that may arise in the movements of a Commandery the 
Commander will use his discretion in supplying any 
detail or omission. His decision should be final in any 
case not supplied by the tactics. 

The Standard Bearer (Guard) may carry the standard, 
dispensing with the Aides, but his movements will be 
similar to those of the full guard. If the Standard 
Bearer does not carry the standard the Knights com- 
posing the Standard Guard should fall in as other 
Knights. 

To Form Column of Threes by a Plank Movement 
from Column of Files. 

Being in march. 

1. Left (or right) flank by threes. 2. March. 

At the first command the First Vice-Commander 



THE DISPLAY DRILL. 87 

places himself twelve inches to the left of number three 

g-sa of the leading three, faced in the 

I direction toward which the col- 

jTj umn is marching. At the com- 

»» ! mand march both the First Vice 

1IIIIII mmm Commander and the leading 
three march by the left flank ; the others move forward 
until each three in succession has gained the ground 
from which the first three marched by the flank, when 
it executes the same movement, follows in trace of the 
three next in its front , and maintains its proper dis- 
tance in the column The Second Vice- Commander 
turns to the left, so as to follow the left file of the rear 
three. 

To Form Line Faced to the Rear from Column of 
Threes 

1. Right (or left) front into line, faced to rear. 2. March. 

3. Commandery . 4. Halt. 5. Right (or left). 

6. Dress. 7. Front. 

The movement is executed as previously explained 
for right front into line, except that at the command halt 
the leading three wheels 
left about on a fixed pivot 
and dresses toward the 
point of rest; the other 
threes successively wheel 
about on the same line 
and dress as before ex- 
plained 

A similar movement 
may be made from column 
of sections, except that the sections do not halt until 




t^i 



88 THE DISPLAY DRILL 

three yards beyond the line; the sections are then 
wheeled, threes left about by the chiefs, who success- 
ively command right dress; the Commander verifies the 
alignment, and commands front. 

This will reverse the order of threes, but the follow- 
ing consecutive movements will place them in their 
original position in column of sections : 

Form column of threes, by the commands threes right 
or, right forward threes right, etc., then form sections rig ht 
oblique, hereafter explained (page 92). 

To Form Line by two Movements from Column 
of Threes. 

A part of the column having changed direction to the 
right, to form line to the left : 

1. Threes left. 2.. Rear threes left front into line. 3. March, 
4 Front. 
Those threes which have changed direction execute 
threes left, halt and dress to the right, at the command 
of the chief of the leading division, the rear threes exe- 
cute left front into line, and dress upon the established 
line at command of the chief of the rear division ; at 
the completion of the movement the Commander com- 
mands front. 

To Form Line Faced to the Rear, by two Movements. 

A part of the column of threes, having changed di- 
rection to the right as before : 

1. Threes right. 2. Rear threes left front into line, faced 

to rear. 3. March. 
The threes which have changed direction wheel to 
the right, halt and dress to the left at the command of 



THE DISPLAY DRILL. 89 

the chief of the leading division, the rear threes execute 
left front into line, faced to rear, obliquing far enough to 
the left of their places in line that in wheeling (to the 
right) about they shall come squarely up to their 
proper positions and dress on the new alignment. 

At the completion of the movement the Commander 
commands front , 

If the column has changed direction to the left, the 
line is formed to the right by inverse commands, thus : 

1. Threes left. 2, Rear threes right front into line, etc 



To Change Front. 

Being in line. 

1. Change front on right (or left) three. 2. Threes right (or 

left). 3 March. 4. Commandery. 5. Halt. 

6. Right. 7. Dress. 8. Front. 

At the third command the threes wheel to the right ; 
the First Vice* Commander quickly places himself on 
the right of the first three and, with it, moves straight 
to the front ; the others oblique to the left and success- 
ively march to the front when opposite their places in 
line. The command halt is given when the leading 
three has advanced commandery distance, and the 
movement is completed as in left front into line. 

1. Change front forward on right (or left) three. 2. Threes 

right (or left). 3. March. 4. Commandery. 5. Halt. 

6. Right. 7. Dress. 8. Front. 

At the command march, the threes wheel to the right ; 



90 THE DISPLAY DRILL 



C 



i .1 'i t I" 



the first three advances a distance equal to its front 
: and halts at the fifth command ; 
I the other threes advance until 
they execute the same moment 
as in right forward, threes right, 
J — | wheeling to the left as if the 
right three had marched to the 
front instead of wheeling to 
the right, and the movement 
is then completed as in on right into line. 

To Form Line on the Standard Guard from Column 
of Threes. 

1. On Standard into line. 2. Threes right about Rear 

threes, left front into line. 4. March. 5. Front. 

At the fourth command the threes in front of the 

standard wheel to the right about, and execute left 

^—^ front into line faced to rear, 

f obliquing to the left of their 

places in line a distance 



3\ \ \ equal to their front, so that 

in wheeling about, after pass 
ing the new line, they shall 
be opposite their places and 
not lap over on the Standard 
'-^- N| Guard. 

The rear threes execute left front into line as before 
explained. If in march, the Senior Aide at the fourth 
command, orders his guard to halt. Dress on the cen- 
ter. 

To Form and Wheel in Line from Column of Threes. 

1. Threes left (or right). 2. Left (or right) wheel. 3. 

March. 4. Gommandery. 5. Halt. 6. Right 

(or left). 7 Dress. 8. Front. 

The threes wheel to the left; and the instant they 



THE DISPLAY DRILL. 91 

are united in line the Commandery wheels to the left 
on a movable pivot, as before explained, and is halted, 
or marched forward by the usual commands and me ns. 

To Form Column of Sections from Line. 

Being at a halt. 

1. Sections right (or left) wheel. 2. March. 3. Command- 
ery. 4. Halt. 5. Left (or right). 6. Dress. 
7. Front. 

At the first command the First Vice Commander 
moves to a place about forty four inches in front of the 
point at which the left file of the leading section will 
rest, and faces to the left (rear of column) ; the Second 
Vice -Commander marches straight forward, halts and 
faces to the right, on the prolongation k of a line upon 
which the left files of each section will rest when the 
wheel is completed; the Vice-Commanders are now 
f acing each other At the second command each sec- 
tion wheels on a fixed pivot; the Standard Guard 
wheels to the center of the column between the sections 
which were on its right and left before the movement 
commenced. 

At the command halt, given as the sections approach 
the quarter circle, the left files step promptly up to the 
place where the left of their sections will rest and on a 
line between the Vice-Commander, facing the First 
Vice-Commander, each opposite the chief of his sec- 
tion, perpendicular to its former position; the Vice- 
Commanders see that the guides cover each other ; the 
chiefs of sections, without moving out of their places, 
superintend the alignment of their sections, the com- 
mands being given by the Commander. 



92 THE DISPLAY DRILL. 

At the seventh command the First Vice-Commander 
in front faces about and the Vice-Commander in rear 
closes up to forty-four inches from the left file of the 
rearmost section. 

If marching : At the second command the Vice- Com- 
manders hasten to their places in column ; the pivots 
halt, mark time in their places, and conform to the 
movements of the marching flank. Chiefs of sections 
from their places on the right, without turning the head, 
see that in all movements their sections keep dressed 
and preserve the proper step and distance, the cautions 
being given in a low tone of voice and only when nec- 
essary. 

To Wheel into Column of Sections from Line and 
Advance without Halting. 

1. Continue the march. 2. Sections right (or left) wheel* 

3. March 4 Forward. 5. March. 6. Guide 

left (or right). 

The sections wheel as before except that the Vice- 
Commanders hasten to their posts in the column and 
the Commander gives the fourth command in time to 
add march the instant the sections arrive at the per- 
pendicular from the former front. 

To Fo rm Column of Sections from Column of Threes. 

Being in march. 
1. Form sections. 2. Left (or right) oblique. 3 March. 
4. Guide left (or right) . 

At the third command the odd threes take a short 
step and mark time; the even threes oblique to the left 
until opposite their places in section, when they resume 



THE DISPLAY DRILL. 93 

the forward. The Commander gives the fourth com- 
mand the instant the threes are united in sections, and 
all take the fall step. 

If the threes are reversed, that is, when the odd be- 
come the even threes in the column of threes, sections 
are formed upon the same principles but to the right. 
The command being, 1. Form sections. 2. Right oblique, 
etc. Or, 1. By section, 2. Threes right. 3. March, ex- 
plained below. 

To Form Column of Sections to the Left or Right, 
from Column of Threes, 

Being in column of threes marching : 

1. By section. 2. Threes left (or right). 3. March. 

4 Guide left (or right). 
At the second command the First Vice- Commander 
places himself on the left of the second three. 

At the command march the First Vice- Commander 
ea advances and wheels in front 

P -—*— »«« ■ of the file on his right ; the 
a; 4 i leading and second three 
i wheel to the left on movable 
pivots, uniting in section on 
the completion of the wheel 
and marching perpendicular to their former direction. 
The other threes advance and, by section, execute the 
same movement on the same ground, the Standard 
Guard advances and wheels to the left in rear of the 
center of the section in its front. The Second Vice- 
Commander shortens his steps as the rear threes wheel 
and follows in the column of sections as explained be- 
fore. 



1 EDI 



94 THE DISPLAY DRILL. 

To Break into Column of Threes from Column of Sec- 
tions. 

1, Eight by threes . 2. March. 3. Guide left (or right). 

At the command march, the right threes move straight 
forward ; the left threes as soon as disengaged, oblique 
to the right into column of threes ; the Vice-Command- 
ers and Standard Guard also obliquing to their places. 
The obliquing threes resume the forward march, with- 
out command, as soon as they gain their places in the 
column, and steps are regulated accordingly. 

To halt after the formation of the column, the Com- 
mander immediately after march commands Command- 
ery, and adds halt the instant the left files of the obliqu- 
ing threes have gained the rear of the left files of the 
threes in their front The column halts and those that 
obliqued face to the front. 

To Form Columns of Threes to the Right or Left, from 
Column of Sections. 

Being in march. 

1 By section. 2. Threes right (or left). 
k 3. March. 

At the second command the First 
Vice Commander quickly places 
himself twenty- one inches in front 
of the left file of the right three ; at 
the command march he wheels to the 
right as if he were the marching 
flank of a rank of three leading the column ; the threes 
of the leading section execute threes right, following the 
trace of the First Vice Commander, the rear sections 
march forward, and each in succession executes the 




THE DISPLAY DRILL. 95 

game movement from the same ground The Standard 

Guard wheels on the same ground to its place in the 

column ; the Second Vice-Commander closes to his 

place twenty-one inches from the left file of the three 

in rear. 

To March in Line. 

Before the movement by threes from column of sec- 
tion is completed; command : 

1. Threes left. 2 Rear section forward, and add 3. 
March, the instant the rearmost section is about to 
wheel by threes ; the threes that have changed direction 
execute threes left; the rear section marches straight 
forward, and as the line is formed, the Commander 
commands, guide right (or left). The Standard Guard 
wheels as a rank of three. 

If the column be a long one the line may be formed 
thus : 

1. Threes left. 2, Bear sections left front into line. 

3. Double time. 4 March. 5. Guide right. Or, 

5. Commandery. 6. Halt. 7. Eight. 

8. Dress. 9. Front. 

And the movement is executed upon the principles 

before explained ; the sixth command being given when 

the right threes have advanced commandery distance. 

To Form Columns of Threes from Column of Sections, 
and March to the Rear. 

1. Threes right and left about. 2. March. 3. Guide center* 
At the second command the right threes execute the 
right about, and the left threes the left about, on fixed 
pivots, the Standard Guard executes the movement to 
the rear, march, and regulates its steps so as to main- 
tain its place ; the First Yice-Commander turns to the 



96 THE DISPLAY DRILL. 

right, and places himself directly in rear (after the 
about) of the Standard Bearer, advancing quickly until 
he is abreast of and between the rearmost threes. The 
Second Vice- Commander also turns to the right and 
places himself on a line with the First Vice-Commander 
and Standard Bearer, and abreast o.f and between the 
leading threes. The Commander marches two yards 
in front of the Second Vice Commander. The threes of 
each section carefully preserve section distance and the 
alignment with each other. 

1. Form sections. 2. Threes right and left about. 3. March. 
4. Guide left. 

At the command march the threes wheel about on 
fixed pivots, reuniting the sections, the Standard Guard 
executing to the rear, march as before, the Vice Com- 
manders resume their places, and the guide is then an- 
nounced. Or, 

1. By threes. 2. Front to rear, 3. March. 4. Guide eenter. 

Being in column of sections marching. 
At the third command the threes of the leading sec- 
tion wheel from the center right and left about into col- 
^""'""'\ ^ ~^ \ umns of threes, the pivots de- 
/ V \ scribing circles whose radii are 

if p ■ ■ I i ■ =*] i twelve inches ; the others advance 
lp— —j imJ and the threes of each section in 

succession execute the same 

'•• ' ' ' ' ' - J . movement on the same ground. 

■ » || *BE&m The Standard Guard will ad- 

f _j vance and wheel about, on the 

. same ground, into the column that 

j" - ' wheeled to the right ; the Vice- 
▼ ♦ Commanders place themselves 



THE DISPLAY DRILL. 97 

twenty one inches in front of the left files of the leading 
threes, the First Vice Commander in advance of the 
column that wheeled to the right about, and the Sec- 
ond Vice-Commander taking his place in lead of the 
other column as it passes The Commander marches 
between and on a line with the Vice- Commanders at 
the head of the column. 

1. Form sections. 2. Front to rear. 3. March. 
This is given after the columns of threes are formed 
as just explained, as soon as the heads of the column 
have passed the rearmost section, or may be deferred 
for a short distance. At the third command the lead- 
ing threes wheel about toward the center, unite in sec" 
tion and march toward their former rear ; the others in 
succession execute the same movement on the same 
ground, following in column of sections ; the officers 
resume their places, and the Standard Guard, after 
wheeling, obliques to its place in the center. 

To Close Sections to Half Distance or in Mass. 

Being in column. 
1. To half (or such) distance close column. 2. March. 

At the command march the leading section stands 
fast, if at a halt, or halts if in march, at the caution of 
its chief ; the others advance and successively halt at 
the given distance and are promptly dressed at com- 
mand of the chiefs of the sections. 

If in line, command : 

1. To half (or such) distance close column. 2. Sections right 
(or left) wheel. 3 March. 
At the third command the Fections wheel to the right 
and the leading section is halted and dressed by its 



98 THE DISPLAY DRILI 

chief; the others advance, on completing the wheel, 
and the movement is completed as before explained 

These movements may be executed in double time ; 
when the leading section takes up and continues the 
march in quick time on completion of the wheel; the 
others close to the designated distance and successively 
take the step and cadence, from the guide in their front 
at the command quick time, March, by the chief of their 
section. 

To take Wheeling Distance from Column of Sections 

in Mass, etc. 

1. Take wheeling distance. 2. March. 

At the second command the leading section marches 
forward, at the caution of its chief; the others halt, if 
in march, or stand fast if at a halt, and successively 
take up the march, at the commands of their chiefs, 
when the designated distance is gained. 

To Form Column of Sections, Forward, from Line. 

1. Center forward. 2. Threes left and right. 3. March. 
4 Guide left (or right). 

At the second command the First Vice Commander 
places himself in front of the left rile of the center sec- 
tion. At the command march the center section and First 
Vice-Commander move straight forward ; the threes of 
the right wing execute left forward threes left, and those 
of the left wing execute right forward threes right; the Sec- 
ond Vice-Commander follows the column of threes on 
the left, falling back to his place in column of sections, 
as the rear threes unite in section. 



THE DISPLAY DRILL. 99 

If the Standard Guard is present the First Vice-Com- 
mander places himself in front of the Junior Aide and 
the Standard Guard and First Vice -Commander lead 
the movement 

Column of sections is thus formed when the original 
right is the center of the line. 

To Form Line to the Front, from Column of Sections. 

1. Right and left front into line. 2. March. 3, Com- 

mandery. 4. Halt. 5. Center. 6. Dress. 

7. Front. 

At the command march the Standard Guard (or cen- 
ter section) marches straight to the front; the right 
threes execute right front into line, and the left threes 
execute left front into line . 

Line is formed in this way from column of sections 
when the original center of the Commandery is at the 
head of the column, and may be executed in double 
time as before explained 

To Form Line by Two Movements, from Column of 
Sections at Half Distance. 

1. Threes right (or left). 2. Left (or right) threes on right 
(or left) into line. 3. March. 4, Front. 

At the command march the right threes execute threes 
right, move forward commandery distance and the First 
Vice Commander commands, 1. Right wing 2 Halt. 
3. Right. 4. Dress and takes his place on the right. 
The left threes execute on right into line, the Second 
Vice Commander quickly placing himself in front of the 
leading three commands, 1. Left wing. 2. Halt. 3. 
Right 4 Dress, giving the second command as the 



100 THE DISPLAY DRILL. 

leading three of the left wing arrives in rear of the line- 
and places himself on the left, in prolongation of the 
line facing to the right On the completion of the move- 
ment the Commander commands front, and the Second 
Vice Commander takes his place on the left flank. 

If the Standard Guard is present the right threes 
wheel to the right as before ; when the wheel is com- 
pleted the right threes that were in the rear of the guard 
immediately oblique to the left by lengthened steps ; 
the First Vice Commander passes by their front to the 
right and commands forward, adding March the in- 
stant that those who are obliquing have united in line 
with the other right threes ; gives the command before 
explained, and places himself on the right The Stand- 
ard Guard and left threes march forward as before ; the 
leading three advances nearly two yards beyond the 
left of the right threes and wheels to the right on a 
moveable pivot, leaving room between it and the right 
wing for the Standard Guard, which wheels to the right 
when opposite its place in line ; the other left threes 
successively wheel to the right when opposite their 
places in line, and the movement is completed as before 
explained. 

The movement may be executed without halting, thus : 

1. Threes right (or left)* 2. Left (or right) threes on right 
(or left) into line, 3. Double time 4 March. 
5 Guide right (or left) 
The left threes and Standard Guard execute the move- 
ment as before explained, but in double time, taking 
the step and alignment from the right wing, as they suc- 
cessively arrive on the line. The Commander com- 
mands guide right when the right threes have united in 
line, they then advance in quick time 



THE DISPLAY DRILL. 101 

To Form Line by Three Movements from Column of 
Sections. 

1. By section. 2. Threes right and left. 3. March 

Being in column of sections at half distance. At the 
command march the left three of the leading section 
wheels to the left and the right three wheels to the 
right, marching in opposite directions ; the other sec- 
tions advance and, except the one in the rear, success- 
ively execute the same movements from the same 
ground. The First Vice- Commander is in lead of the 
right threes, and the Second Vice Commander quickly 
places himself in lead of the left threes as before ex- 
plained when the movement is commenced. [If the 
Standard Guard is in the column it does not wheel but 
marches straight to the front and marks time on a line 
with the marching flanks of the threes that wheeled 
into columns, right and left ] The threes regulate their 
steps to preserve wheeling distance When the rear- 
most section approaches the point from which other 
sections broke into threes, command : 

1 Form line. 2. Threes left and right. 3 March. 
4. Guide center. 

At the second command the chief of the section that 
has not broken cautions it to forward, and at the com- 
mand march, given the instant the rear section has 



V3J332ZOX 7 



t r 

gained the ground from which the others wheeled by 
threes, this section marches straight forward; the 



102 THE DISPLAY DRILL. 

threes on its left wheel to the right, those on the right 
wheel to the left into line, the Commander announces 
the guide and places himself two yards in front of the 
Oommandery. 

[If the Standard Guard is present the command march 
is given, so that the rearmost section may break and 
its threes oblique to the right and left of the Standard 
Guard ] 

Column of sections may then be formed thus : J . Cen- 
ter forward 2. Threes left and riqht. 3 March, as be 
fore explained. 

[If the Standard Guard is in line, and it is desired to 
cause it to occupy its central place in column, the com- 
mand will be 1. Center forward. 2 Threes left and right. 
3. Standard Guard , post. 4 March. 5 Guide left (or 
right) N At the command march the movement is exe- 
cuted as before, except that the Standard Guard steps 
backward to unmask the approaching columns ; the 
threes of the leading section oblique toward the center 
until united in section, then march forward. The 
Standard Guard marks time and resumes the forward 
march as soon as the threes of the section originally in 
its front unite.] 

The column is now left in front with the original 
left threes still on its left, the First Vice- Commander 
in advance. To cause the threes to occupy their origi- 
nal position in column of sections right in front repeat 
the commands for the formation of line by three move 
ments, and the formation of column of sections on the 
center forward, as before; or consecutive movements 
indicated by the following commands : Threes right (or 
left) about. 2. March. Each three wheels on a fixed 
pivot and, reuniting in section, the column marches 



THE DISPLAY DRILL. 103 

to the late rear , then : 1. By section. 2. Threes left. 3. 
March . ( Vide page 94. ) 

To Form Column of Twos, from Column of Sections. 

1. Center forward. 2. Files left and right 3. March. 
At the command march the right threes execute left 
forward files left, and the left threes execute right for- 
ward files right; the standard bearer marches forward and 
* the Senior Aide and Junior Aide form a 

pjgg. rank of two in his rear, all maintaining the 

t !"dbt t same distances. It now being a column of 
files, double rank, the leading files shorten 




f the steps until the Commander seeing that 

F^ the rear files have closed to their places, 

■ i L commands forward, march, when all take 
the thirty inch step. 

To form into column of sections again, 
command : 

1. Right and left front into sections. 
2 March. 
The right files of each section execute right front into 
line, and the left files of each section execute left front 
into line, thus reforming each section ; the rear sections 
shorten the step until each in succession has gained its 
proper distance The standard-bearer shortens his 
step and the Senior Aide and Junior Aide take their 
places on his right and left. 

Similar movements from the center of double sections 
may be made by similar commands and means. 

To Wheel in Circles for Display 
From column of sections. 
1. Threes in circle right and left wheel 2 March. 
3. Guide left (or right). 
At the command march the First Vice Commander 



104 THE DISPLAY DRILL. 

takes two steps to the front and halts ; the Second Vice- 
Commander steps backward the same distance and 
halts; the right threes wheel on fixed pivots to the 
right, numbers one marking time, and conforming to 
the movement of the marching flank; the left threes 
wheel to the left in like manner on numbers three. 
When the circles (full about) are completed and the 
sections re-formed, the column moves forward at the 
command for the guide. The Standard Guard marks 
time in its place until the sections : re reformed, V en 
marches forward. 

Great care should be taken in executing the wheels, 
so that each three will complete each quarter circle at 
the same instant ; also in reforming the sections and 
commencing the forward march, at the same instant. 

To Wheel One-half of the Sections at a Time. 

Being in march. 

1. Eight threes in circle right wheel. 2, March. 

At the command march the right threes wheel as just 
described, and when completed march forward as be • 
fore ; the Standard Guard by right side steps places it- 
self in rear of the wheeling threes and marks time un- 
til the full about is completed, then follows the three 
in its front. When the wheel is nearly completed the 
Commander commands, 1. Left threes in circle left wheel, 
and adds, 2. March, so that the left threes will com- 
mence the wheel the in?tant the right threes resume 
the forward march When the left threes comple'e the 
wheel the sections will be reunited, if the movement is 
executed properly ; the column moves forward without 
command and the Standard Guard obliques to the left 
into its place. 



THE DISPLAY DRILL. 105 

Similar movements may be executed when marching 
in line, and by the similar commands and means. 

To Advance Even Sections to the Front of Odd Sec- 
tions in Column. 

1. Threes in circle right and left wheel. 2. Even sections 
forward. 3. March. 

At the command march the right threes of the first, 
third and other odd sections wheel in circles full about 
to the right, and the left threes of the same sections 
wheel in circles to the left, on movable pivots, each pivot 
Knight describing a circle whose radius is twelve in- 
ches ; the second, fourth, and other even sections march 
straight forward, passing between the threes of the 
section in their front as they complete the half circle. 
The First Yice-Commander shortens his steps and 
moves forward; the Second Vice Commander follows 
the rear section, if it be an even section, and halts when 
he has gained the distance of two yards from the sec- 
tion that is wheeling by threes ; when the movement is 
completed he closes to fifty-four inches from the left 
file of the rear section and follows the column ; if the 
rear be an odd section, he takes two backward steps 
and halts as before. When the wheeling threes have 
completed their circles and reunite in sections, they 
march forward and are careful to regain the proper, 
section, distance if lost. 

To move the former odd, now T the even, sections for- 
ward into their original places in column, the commands 
and movements are exactly similar to those just ex- 
plained. 

[If the Standard Guard is in the column it advances 



106 THE DISPLAY DRILL. 

between the wheeling threes; the sections regulating 
the steps so as to maintain their position. The Com- 
mander commands, 1. To the rear. 2. March, repeats 
the movement just explained, and again executes to the 
rear march, which brings the standard to its original 
position]. 

To Deploy Column of Sections 

Being at a halt. 

1. On first section deploy column. 2 Left. 3. Face. 
4. Forward h. March 6. Front. 

At the first command the First Vice- Commander 
faces about and places himself on the right of the first 
section, whose chief commands, standfast, and imme- 
diately dresses it to the right. The other sections face 
to the left at the third command. 

At the command mirch the Standard Guard and all 
the sections, except the first, being faced to the left, 
march straight forward ; the chief of the second section 
commands, 1. By the right flank , and adds, 2 March. 
3. Guide right the instant he is opposite his place in 
line. This section halts in rear of the line at command 
of its chief who immediately adds, 1. Bight. 2. Dress. 

The Guides of the rear sections march abreast of 
each other and parallel to the second; each chief in 
succession marching his section by the right flank, and 
dressing it upon the line as described for the second 
section. The Second Vice Commander hastens to the 
point where the left of the line will rest ; the Com- 
mander superintends the alignment and commands 
front. 

If marching, command, 1. On first section deploy col- 
umn. 2. By the left flank. 3. March. At the third 



THE DISPLAY DRILL 107 

command the first section is halted and dressed by its 
chief; the rear sections and guard march by the left 
flank and the movement is completed as before, 

1. On rear section deploy column. 2. Right. 3. Face. 
4. Forward. 5. March 6. Front. 

Being at a halt Four sections are supposed to be in 
the column 

At the first command the First Vice Cummander faces 
and marches to the right, halts and faces about in front 
of the chief of the first section; the Second Vice Com- 
mander hastens to place himself in the place vacated 
by the First Vice-Commander and faces him ; the chief 
of the fourth section commands, Fourth section stand 
fast 

At the command/c£ the other sections face to the 
right. At the fifth command the rear section marches 
straight forward, halts one yard from the First Vice- 
Commander and its chief dresses it upon the Vice- 
Commander; the First Vice-Commander faces about,, 
marches in proloDgation of the line, halts where the 
right of the Commandery will rest, and again faces 
about exactly in front of the Second Vice-Commander 
facing him. In the meantime the other sections move 
forward, at the fifth command, led by their chiefs, at 
section distance, parallel with each other; the guide of 
the third section commands, 1. Third section. 2 By the 
left flank , and adds, 3. March. 4. Guide left the instant 
the fourth section is unmasked. When within one 
yard from the established line its chief halts it and im- 
mediately commands, 1. Third section. 2. Left. 3. 
Dress, when it dresses upon the line. 

When the guide of the third section commands by 
the left flank, inarch, the second section advances sec- 



108 THE DISPLAY DRILL. 

tion distance and then marches by the left flank in the 
same manner, and is dressed as described for the third 
section, and so on with the remaining section. 

The Commander commands front when the move- 
ment is completed, and the Vice-Commanders take 
their places in line. 

If marching the commands would be, 1. On rear sec- 
tion deploy column, 2. By the right flank. 3. March. 
4. Front. 

The fourth section continues to march straight for- 
ward at the caution of its chief ; the others march by 
the right flank, and the movement is completed as be- 
fore, 

It is of great importance in all deployments that com- 
mands be promptly given and distances accurately main- 
tained. 

1. On (such a) section (or Standard Guard) deploy col- 
umn. 2 Eight and left. 3. Face. 4. Forward. 
5 March. 6. Front. 

Being at a halt 

At the command march the sections in front of the 
designated section deploy to the right ; those in rear 
deploy to the left The designated section, as soon as 
unmasked, is marched forward at command of its chief to 
the line established by the Vice Commanders, as before 
described, and is dressed to the right against the Vice- 
Commanders, who then face about and march in pro- 
longation of the line, halt where the right and left of the 
line will rest, and each faces toward the other. The 
other sections are dressed toward the designated sec 
tion, and th a movement is completed upon principles 
before explained. 



THE DISPLAY DRILL. 109 

If in march the designated section is halted in rear of 
the line ; the sections in front of the designated section 
are marched by the right flank; those in rear are marched 
by the left flank, and the movement is completed as he- 
fore. 

To Form Double Sections from Column of Sections. 

Remarks. — The first and second sections form the first 
double section ; the third and fourth sections form the 
second double-section, and so on. 

The First Vice-Commander is chief of the leading 
double- section, the Second Vice-Commander chief of 
the one in rear. If there are three double-sections the 
Senior Aide takes command of the second. If there are 
four double-sections the standard occupies the center of 
the second and the Senior Aide commands it, the Jun- 
ior Aide commands the third. If more than four the 
Senior Aide commands the center double-section having 
the standard ; the Junior Aide commands the one in its 
rear. The Knight on the right acts as chief of double- 
section unprovided for. When double sections are dis- 
solved the chiefs resume their places. The Standard 
Guard may retain its identity and march between the 
double-sections that were on its right and left, if desired ; 
or it may form the left three of a section, in which 
event it will execute the movement with its section. 
Or the standard bearer alone may march as if the full 
guard was with him. These various positions are de- 
termined by the number of Knights in line. 

Being at a halt the Commander commands : 

1. Form double- sections . 2. Left oblique, 3. March. 
At the second command the chiefs of the odd num- 
bered sections command, 1. Forward. 2. Guide right, 



110 THE DISPLAY DRILL. 

and the chiefs of the even numbered sections command, 
left oblique. At the command march, repeated by the 
chiefs, the odd sections advance section distance, their 
chiefs command 1. Section. 2, Halt. 3. Right. 4. 
Dress. The even sections oblique to the left, their 
chiefs commanding, 1 Forward in time to add 2. March. 
3. Guide right the instant each is opposite his place in 
line. When one yard from the line the chiefs command 
1. Section. 2. Halt. 3. Right. 4. Dress. The chief 
of each double section superintends the alignment of 
his double-section, commands front, and places himself 
two yards in front of its center. 

The Standard Guard (or standard bearer alone if the 
"guard" be not with him) obliques to the center of 
the column between two double sections ; or the Stand- 
ard Bearer hastens to place himself between the two 
sections in his front (or rear) as they unite ; the Senior 
Aide and Junior Aide taking post on the flanks, or tak- 
ing command as has just been explained, and as pre- 
viously may have been directed by the Commander. 

If in march, double-sections are formed by the same 
commands and means except that the even sections are 
not halted and dressed ; the odd sections, instead of 
halting at section distance, mark time at the command 
of their chiefs, and the chief of each double-section 
commands, 1. Forward, adding 2. March. 3 Guide left 
the instant the sections have joined. 

To Break into Sections from Column of Double Sections. 

1. Right by sections. 2. March. 3. Guide left. 
At the first command each chief of double- section re- 
peats Right by section, and resumes his place in column 
of sections ; the chief of each right section turning his 



THE DISPLAY DRILL. Ill 

head toward it, but without moving out of his place, 
commands, Right section forward, the chief of each left 
section in like manner commands: I. Left section, 2. 
Mark time, repeats the command march, immediately 
commands right oblique , and adds March, so that each 
even section may commence the oblique as soon as it 
is disengaged adding forward, guide left when it has 
gained its place in column. 

To Wheel Subdivisions and the Commandery in Cir- 
cles Consecutively Without Halting. 
Being in line. 

1. Threes in circle right (or left) wheel. 2. March. 3. Sec- 
tions in circle left (or right) wheel. 4. March. 5. Double- 
sections in circle right (or left) wheel. 6. March. 7. 
Divisions in circle left (or right) wheel. 8. March. 9. 
In circle right (or left) wheel. 10. March. 11. Com- 
mandery. 12. Halt. 13. Left. 14. Dress. 15. Front; 
or, 11. Forward. 12. Guide (right or left). 13. March. 

At the second command each three wheels full about 
to the right on a fixed pivot. When the circle is 
nea^y completed the third command is given in time 
to add march, the instant the threes are reunited in line 
and each section, in like manner, wheels on a fixed 
pivot full about. The Standard Guard so conducts its 
wheel, on a movable pivot, that it will exactly unite 
with the sections, as the line is formed each time. 
When the sections are united in line the sec ond time, 
that is, having completed the circle, the sixth com- 
mand is given (the preparatory commands in each 
case being given so as to add the command of execution 



112 THE DISPLAY DRILL. 

as directed). At this command each double section 
wheels full about to the right and on a fixed pivot, the 
Standard Guard wheeling as before but in a larger cir 
cle. When the double-sections unite in line as the cir- 
cles are completed, the eighth command is given and 
the divisions wheel as described for double-sections, the 
Standard Guard wheeling as before described. The 
line being again re-formed, the Commandery is wheeled 
on a movable pivot by the ninth and tenth commands. 

In all the wheelings the command march is given the 
instant the line is re-formed, aftter the circle is com- 
pleted, so that the smaller subdivisions re-form the line 
after the full about, instantly break with the next 
larger subdivisions, continue the wheelings in the op- 
posite direction and so on. 

The Vice-Commanders do not wheel with the sub- 
divisions, but face and march from the center, in pro 
longation of the line, or close toward it and face to the 
proper front on the flanks, so that when the half circle 
is completed, in each wheel, except the last, they with 
the subdivisions will, for the instant only, be in perfect 
line faced to the late rear ; the Vice-Commanders mark- 
ing time, the subdivisions continuing the wheel ; when 
they are disengaged the Vice -Commanders face and re- 
trace their steps, again completing the line faced to the 
original front the instant the full circle is finished, and 
so on until the wheel is by Commandery front, when 
they remain on its flank. 

This may be executed in part, if desired, omitting 
such of the wheels as may be deemed expedient or de- 
sirable. 



THE DISPLAY DRILL. 



113 



To Change Direction of Column, of Sections (Double 
Sections or Divisions ) 

L Change direction by the right (or lejt) flank. 2. Threes 
right (or left), 3. March. 

At the second command the chief of Jthe first section 
commands, 1. First section. 2. Right forward 3. Threes 

right. 

At the command march 
the first section exe- 



cutes right forward, threes 
right; when the rear 
three completes the 
wheel to the left the 
chief commands, 1 . 
Threes left. 2. March. 
3. Section. 4. Halt. 5. 
Left. 6. Dress. 7. Front. 
The other sections 
wheel by threes, to the 
right or half right, and 
are so conducted by the 
chiefs as to enter the new column parallel to the first 
section. As each section arrives in rear of the one next 
preceding, it is formed in line to the left and dressed to 
the left. The Vice- Commanders quickly gain their 
places in the column and assist in the alignment of the 
guides as heretofore explained. 

If the column be of double-sections or divisions, each 
chief halts in his own person when near the point where 
the left of his division will rest in column and allows 
his division to march past him. 




114 THE DISPLAY DRILL. 

To Advance by the Right or Left of Double Sections 
from Line. 

1. Double- sections. 2. Eight (or left) forward. 3 Threes 
right (or left). 4. March. 5. Guide (right or left). 

At the third command the First Vice Commander 
places himself in front of the left file of the right three ; 
the Second Vice- Commander quickly places himself in 
front of the left file of the right three of the double sec- 
tion on the left of the Commandery, The other chiefs 
of double sections take the same relative position, and 
the movement is completed as explained for divisions. 

Line or column is formed by similar commands and 
means as are described for divisions. 

To Break by Right of Subdivisions to the Rear into 
Column. 

Being in line at a halt, 

1. Right of sections, rear into column. 2. Threes right. 
3. March. 4. Threes left. 5. March. 6. Com- 
mandery. 7 Halt. 8. Left. 9. Dress. 
10. Front ; or 6. Guide left. 
At the first command the chief of each section cau- 
tions the right three that it will have to right about- At 
the third command the threes wheel to the right on fixed 
pivots. The right three of each section will then change 
direction to the right (late rear) on a movable pivot , 
the other threes of each section moving forward and 
changing direction on the same ground as its right 
three. The Commander, seeing the movement nearly 
completed, commands, 4 Threes left, in time to add 5, 
Maech, the instant the left of the left threes has reached 



THE DISPLAY DRILL. 



115 



\AAAS 



the line lately occupied by the Commandery, and adds, 
6. Commandery, 7. Halt. The left guides of sections 
exactly cover each other under direction of the Vice- 
Commanders and the chiefs of sections ; at the tenth 
command the Vice Commanders take their places in 
column. If the command for the guide is given the col- 
umn moves forward without halting. 

The Standard Guard wheels about and marches into 
its place in column, then wheels to the left, regulating 
its steps so as to maintain its place. 

Divisions (or double- sections) 
break to the rear into column 
from line, by similar commands 
and means, except that the 
chiefs of divisions, etc , at the 
first command, place them- 
selves in front of their divisions 
and caution the first three as 
before, repeat the third com- 
mand, place themselves on the 
marching flank of the leading 
three in their division, wheel 
with it and halt on the late line, 
so that the file on the marching 
flanks of the other threes, in 
passing to the rear, will graze 
the chief's right arm. When 
the rear three nearly completes 
the wheel each chief of division (or double -section) com- 
mands, 4. Threes left. 5. March. 6. Division (or double 
section). 7. Halt ; the left guide of the division places 
himself so that his left arm will lightly touch the chief's 
breast, who then gives the eighth, ninth and tenth 



vhu 



116 THE DISPLAY DRILL. 

commands (in lieu of Commander, as explained for the 
same movement by section), and places himself in front 
of the center of his division or double- section. 

Similar movements by files without the wheelings of 
threes, being at a halt, are made thus : 

1. Right of sections rear into column. 2 Right 3. Face. 
4. Forward. 5. Mafch. 6. Commandery. 7. Halt. 8. 
Left 9. Face. 10. Left. 11, Dress. 12. Front; or, 6. 
By the left flank 7. Ma^ch. 8 Guide left. 

At the third command the Knights at the right oi 
sections (chiefs) come to an about face, and at the fifth 
command move straight to the rear ; the others follow, 
turning on the same ground. When the last Knight or 
file is about to turn to the rear the Commander halts 
the Commandery, faces it to the left, and dresses it as 
explained, or marches it by the left flank into column. 

1, Right of sections rear into column. 2. By the right flank. 

3. March 4 By the left flank 5, March, 6. Guide left. 

Being in line marching. 

At the third command the right file of each section 
executes to the rear, march, and marches straight to the 
rear ; the others face and march to the right. On ar- 
riving at the point where the right file marched to the 
rear, each file of that section in succession follows in 
his trace, being careful to keep closed to facing distance, 
each section executing the same movement at the same 
instant. The fifth command is given the instant the 
last files are about to turn to the rear, so that they do 
not in fact turn but continue to march straight forward ; 
or the command may be delayed until he turns to the 
rear so that all march by the left flank at that com- 
mand. 



THE DISPLAY DRILL 



117 



The officers take their positions as heretofore ex- 
plained. 

Divisions and double sections are formed into column 
by files from the right of divisions to the rear, by simi- 
lar commands and means. 

To Deploy Column of Double Sections. 

Being at a halt. 

1. On first double- section deploy column 2. Threes left 
(or right). 3. March. 4. Front. 



D __ n D 

zn ' i i i i i i i i i i 



I 

CD 






vkkkL rrm 



At the first command the chief of th* first double- 
section cautions it to stand fast, and places himself three 
yards in front of his place on the right; the left guide 
steps three yards straight to the front; the other chiefs 



118 THE DISPLAY DRILL. 

repeat threes left and quickly place themselves two yards 
in front of the left guides facing the left. At the com- 
mand march the chief of the first double- section com 
mands, 1. First double- sect ion 2 Eight. 3. Dress. 4. 
Front ; at the third command it dresses on the line be- 
tween the chief and left guide. 

The other double sections wheel by i hrees to the left, 
the chiefs repeating the command to march 

The chief of the second double- section stands fast, 
and when the left of his double-section approaches 
him, commands, 1. Second double- section. 2. Threes right. 
3. March. 4 Guide right. The third command is 
given the instant the front rank of the rear three (if 
there be two ranks, or if not, then when the rear three) 
arrives opposite the place of the right file when in line. 
On approaching the iine the chief commands, 1. Second 
double section. 2. Halt. At the command halt, given 
at three yards from the line, the double section halts, 
and its left guide quickly places himself on the line 
where its left will rest, and at the same time the chief, 
if his place in line is cm its right, places h'mself at the 
side of the Knight on the left of the first double-section, 
and immediately commands, 1. Right. 2. Dress. 3. 
Front. 

The guide of the third double-section marches abreast 
of and parallel to the second ; its chief having advanced 
two yards, after the command threes right march by the 
chief of the second, halts in his own person, and when 
the right of his double -section approaches him com- 
mands, 1. Third double- section. 2. Threes right. 3 
March. 4. Guide right, and, marching in front of its 
center, conducts it to within three yards of the line, 
when he halts and dresses it to the right, as just ex- 
plained for the second double- section, 



THE DISPLAY DRILL. 



119 



If there are more than three double- sections the 
others execute the movement as described for the sec- 
ond and third 

If marching the chief of the first double- section halts 
it at the command march, and the movement is executed 
as before 

1 On third double- section deploy column. 2. Threes 
right (or left) 3 March. 

Being at a halt. 

At the second command the chief of the third double- 
section cautions it to stand fast. 

At the command march all the double sections, ex- 
cept the third, wheel by threes to the right, the chiefs 
repeating the second and third commands ; the chief of 

_ D Q_ 






Ajy 




w 



the first double section conducts his double- section to 
the right in prolongation of its former front ; the chief 



120 THE DISPLAY DRILL 

of the section halts opposite the right of the third, and 
when the rear of his double section approaches, com- 
mands, 1- Second double section, 2. Threes left. 3 March. 
4 Double- section. 5. Halt. Third command is given 
the instant the third double-section is unmasked. 

The chief of the third double section when he sees it 
nearly unmasked, commands, 1. Third double section. 2. 
Forward. 3. Guide left 4 March When this double 
section reaches the ground from which the first one 
moved to the right the chief commands 1 Third double- 
section 2. Halt. At the command halt the chief and 
left guide quickly place themselves three yards in front 
of their places in line, and the chief commands : 
1 Third double section. 2. Left 3. Dress, 4. Front 

If there are more than three double-sections each 
conforms to what is explained for the second but un- 
masking the double-section in its late rear and each is 
conducted to the line and dressed as explained for the 
third. 

The chief of the first, dresses his double-section to the 
left as soon as the command front is given to the sec- 
ond double-section. 

If in march the chief of the third double section halts 
it at the command march, the movement is executed 
as before. 

To deploy the column faced to the rear on the first or 
third double-section without first causing it to wheel 
about by threes, the Commander adds, faced to the rear 
after deploy column. The movement is executed as al- 
ready explained, except each double-section marches 
three yards beyond the line, then wheels about by 
threes and halts, after which it is dressed toward the 
double section upon which the deployment is made. 



THE DISPLAY DRILL. 121 

Depioyments on Interior Double-sections, 

1. On (such) double section (division or Standard Guard) 
deploy column. 2. Thrtes right and left. 3. March. 

At the command march the double-sections in front 
of the one designated, deploy to the right ; those in rear 
deploy to the left. The designated double-section, as 
soon as unmasked, is conducted on the line of the first 
double-section, with the guide right, and is dressed to 
the right. The othor double-sections are dressed to- 
ward the designated double section. 

To Deploy Column of Threes in Open Order. 
Being in march. 
1. On right three (so many yards) take distance. 2 March. 
At the second command the leading three marches 
straight forward ; the others halt. When the second 
three has gained six yards (if the number is not given 
in the command) from the three in front, it resumes 
the full step at the command forward, march, by its 
chief, and so on in succession to the rear of the column. 
The Commander then commands : 
1. On center deploy. 2. March. 3. Guide center. 
$m The Knight in the center of each 

/ three and the Standard Bearer march 

ga ?m &m straight to the front, shortening the 
/ J / steps. The Knights on the flanks ob- 
\ ;! I lique to the right and left until an inter- 
sai N ^ ,mf i Ep ya j ^ foxQQ yards from the center 

\ ^f 3 ! / / Knight is gained, when all march 

\ ' ' ' i ' ' / straight forward, taking the full step. 

™ \" , 7* The guides are the center Knights who 

\ / are careful to preserve distances ; others 

\ / / maintain intervals and alignments. 

The Vice-Commanders place them 
selves in front and rear of the center 



122 THE DISPLAY DRILL. 

leading or following the guides, and three yards (or one- 
half the given distance) from the advance and rearmost 

three. 

To Deploy Column of Sections, etc. 

Distance from the right is gained as just explained. 

1. On right (or left) center deploy . 2. March. 

3. Guide center. 

The movement is executed as in column of threes, 
except that the Knights on the right of the center, ac- 
cording to the command, march straight forward, the 
others oblique right and left as commanded. The Stand- 
ard Bearer marches forward so as to occupy, as near as 
practicable, the center of the column ; the Senior Aid 
and Junior Aid oblique to the right and left to the given 
interval. The Vice- Commanders are in front and rear 
of the center as before, and on a line between them is 
the standard. The guides are the Knights on whom, or 
from whom the deployment was made. 

To Close the Column Again. 
1 To full distance close column and intervals. 2. March. 

The Knights on the flanks oblique toward the center 
and wh-n they have gained their places in threes (or 
other subdivisions from which deployment was made) 
again march to the front, being careful to preserve the 
alignment and exactly cover the corresponding Knights 
in front, closing to wheeling distance immediately ; the 
leading threes shorten the steps, as do each three in 
succession , when they have gained the proper distance. 
At the command forward, march, all resume the thirty- 
inch step ; the Vice Commanders also regain their 
places, so as to be ready to step off with the column at 
the command. 



THE DISPLAY DRILL. 123 

To Close on the Center only 

Without disturbing the distance between the threes 
the Commander commands : 

1. On center close intervals, 2. March. 
The Knights gradually regain their positions on the 
center, re-forming threes, by oblique steps gaining 
ground forward, keeping the shoulders square to the 
front and maintaining the alignments. 

To Close Threes to Wheeling Distance. 

Before or after closing the intervals between the 
Knights of each three the Commander commands : 

1. To wheeling (or such) distance close column. 2. March. 

The files in front shorten their steps, and when the 
threes are closed to the designated distance, as before 
explained, the Commander commands forward, march, 
and all take the thirty-inch step. 

If the command be double time the leading three con- 
tinues the march in quick time, those in rear close in 
double time, until having gained the distance indicated, 
each in succession marches in quick time, taking the 
step from the guide in front. 

To Deploy Line by Files to the Front. 

1. On standard (right or left Hie) deploy; 2. March. 
or, 2. Double time. 3. March. 

At the second command the Standard Bearer ad- 
vances by short steps straight to the front ; the Knights 
on his right oblique to the right, those on his left ob- 
lique to the left until each in succession has gained an 
interval of three yards from the standard or the Knight 



124 THE DISPLAY DRILL. 

« 
next to them toward the Standard Bearer, when 
they turn and march to the front dressing toward the 
center, which should never be passed. When all have 
arrived in line the Commander commands, forward, 
march, and all take the full step. 

If the command be double time the Standard Bearer 
advances with the full step ; the others oblique as de- 
scribed, but in double time, taking the step from the 
Standard Bearer as they arrive on the line. 

To Deploy Line in Open Order by the Flank. 
1. By the right (or left) flank take intervals. 2. March. 

3. Commandery. 4. Halt ; or, 3. By the left (or right) 
flank. 4. March. 5. Guide right (left or center) 

Being in line, single rank. 

At the second command the Commandery faces to 
the right and if in march, halts ; the First Vice-Com- 
mander alone continues the march in prolongation of 
the former line the others follow successively at the 
distance of three yards, each steadily in trace of his 
predecessor until the Knight, or Second Vice-Com- 
mander in rear of the column has the interval when at 
the fourth command all halt pause the nineteenth of a 
minute, and face to the former front Or, 

The line is re-formed and moves to the front, at the 
command by the left flank, march, 
1 On Standard (right or left center). 2. By the right and 

left flanks take intervals. 3 March, 4 Commandery. 

5 Halt; or, 4. By the left and right flanks. 

5. March. 6 Guide center (right or left). 

Being in line single rank. 

The Commander points with his sword to the center 
file on which the movement is to be made, and at the 



THE DISPLAY DRILL. 125 

third command those on its right face to the right ; 
those on its left face to left, and the movement is exe- 
cuted upon the principles before explained. 

To Extend Intervals. 

] . By the right (or left) flank to (so many) yards extend in- 
tervals. 2. March. 3. Commundery. 4 Halt; 
or, 3. By the left (or right) flank. 4. March. 
The movement is executed as before explained. 
If desired to deploy from line or column to a greater 
interval than three yards, the number of yards is stated 
in the command and the movement is executed on the 
same principles. 

To Close the Intervals by the Flank. 
1. By the left (or right) flank close intervals. 2 March. 
At the command march the left guide stands fast (or 
if in march, halts) the others march by the left flank 
and successively halt and face to the front upon closing 
to their places. 

To March Files to the Rear from Column of Threes 
at Open Order (Deployed). 
Being in march. 

1. To the rear. 2 March. Or, 
1. Counter-march 2. By files right (or left). 3. March. 

At the second command the First S->-, c 

Vice-Commander faces to the right, j j^ j 

and having arrived opposite the cen- ? T ^ 

ter, between numbers one and two, ^ j ± 
again faces to the right and marches i m 

to the rear. As he turns to the rearO j ^ 
the Commander commands march, at ™ 



126 THE DISPLAY DRILL. 

which the leading number two faces to the right, and 
when in rear of the First Vice Commander turns and 
follows in his trace ; number three of the leading three 
turns to the right, and when he arrives at a point half 
way between the place from which he turned and the 
place just occupied by number two, he faces and 
marches to the rear . Number one executes the same 
movements, turning to the rear when he has gained 
ground to the right equal to one-half the distance be- 
tween his own position and that of number two before 
the movement commenced. The others advance and 
follow exactly in trace of their f raters in front, turning 
on the same ground. 

The alignment and intervals should be carefully pre- 
served. The movement to the left is similarly executed. 

Order in Echelon. 

Being in line at a halt, (or in march). 

1. Threes (or sections) on center (right or left), front into 
echelon. 2 March. 3. Guide center (right or left). 

At the first command the Senior Aid cautions the 
Standard Guard to 1. Forward. 2. Guide center, and 
the chiefs of other threes caution, stand fast (or halt), at 

the command March 
the Standard Guard 
marches straight for- 
ward ; when it has ad 
vanced fifty-four inches 
the threes next on its 
3 right and left, at the 
caution of their chiefs given in a low tone, take up the 
march, and so on until the entire line is in march. 



THE DISPLAY DRILL. 127 

Th3 Knight on the right and left of each three to- 
ward the center is the guide of his three, and is careful 
to preserve the designated distance from the standard 
or preceding three , and exactly opposite his place in 
line, as well as to keep dressed on the three opposite to 
him. 

The Vice Commanders also take up the march at the 
prescribed distance, and the Commander places him- 
self in front of the standard at the same distance, or 
may march in rear of the standard on a line with the 
Vice - Commanders . 

If the Commander desires the distance to be greater 
or less he adds to the first command, after the word 
11 center' ' at (so many) yards distance, and the move 
ment is similarly executed. 

Sections in echelon is similarly executed. 

1. Threes (or files) on right (or left) of divisions front into 
echelon. 2. March. 3. Guide right (or left). 

Being in line. 

Each division executes the movement as explained 
for the Commandery, the right three of each division 
marching forward at the second command ; the second 
three of each division moving forward as explained 
when the first has gained fifty-four inches and so on. 
The first Vice-Commander places himself on the right 
of the leading three of the first division ; the Second 
Vice-Commander quickly places himself on the left 
and abreast of the rear three of the left division. 

The Standard Guard maintains its place in the center 
abreast of the leading threes. 



128 THE DISPLAY DRILL, 

To March in Echelon to the Rear. 

1 Threes right (or left) about. 2, March. 3. Guide 

(right or left). 
The Vice-Commanders wheel as number three of a 
rank of three into their places in echelon. 

To March in Echelon by the Flank. 

1. Threes right (or left). 2. March. 3. Guide 
(right , left or center). 

The Vice-Commanders wheel so as to gain the same 
relative position when the movement is completed. 

Sections may be wheeled to the right or left, chang- 
ing direction in echelon. 

To Re-form the Line. 

1, On center (or such a subdivision) front into line. 2. 
March. 3. Center. 4, Dress. 

At the first command the Senior Aid, or chief of 
the leading subdivision, cautions it that it will have to 
halt ; the chiefs of other threes or subdivisions, to the 
right and left in rear of the center, command forward, 
and repeat the command march, at the same time the 
Senior Aid, or chief of the leading subdivisions, com- 
mands it to halt ; the three on each side of the center 
halt and dress toward the center on arriving in rear 
of the line , so that the threes opposite each other in 
echelon will halt and dress at the same instant. When 
the last has dressed the Commander commands front 

To Form Sections in Echelon from Threes in Echelon. 

Threes being in march at four yards distance in eche- 
lon command : 

1. Odd threes in circles right wheel. 2. March. 

At the command march the first, third and other odd 
threes wheel to the right, on fixed pivots, completing 



THE DISPLAY DRILL. 129 

a full about ; the even threes continue the march and 
unite in sections with the odd threes the instant they 
have completed the circle, and the sections move for- 
ward in echelon without halting. The sections may be 
wheeled by similar commands and means forming dou- 
ble-sections in echelon, which may also be wheeled in 
like manner forming divisions, and so on, until the 
line is formed, each Knight and Subdivision regulating 
the step, so as to give or retain his proper place. 

To Form in Echelon from Column of Files. 
Being in march, double ranks. 

1. Files right and left into echelon. 2. March» 

At the command march the two leading Knights 
place themselves about one foot apart, and then by short 
steps march straight forward; the other left files ob- 
lique to the left, and each in succession will resume the 
forward, without command, when his right shoulder 
shall exactly cover the left shoulder of the Knight next 
in front. The right files gain ground to the right in a 
similar manner, the left shoulder of each exactly cover- 
ing the right shoulder of the Knight next in front. The 
Standard Guard forms in line and marks time at com 
mand of its chief until it gains its proper place in the 
center and on a line with the rearmost Knights (Vice- 
Commanders) in the column; the First Vice Com- 
mander quickly places himself at the right and rear of 
the right column, and the Second Vice-Commander at 
the left and rear of the left column of files in echelon. 

The Commander commands forward, adding march 
the instant the movement is completed, and places him- 
self in front of the leading files 



130 THE DISPLAY DRILL. 

If the lines are small, ground is gradually gained to 
the right and left, the Knights keeping the shoulders 
square to the front, a3 they may have been previously 
instructed by the Commander ; or he may indicate it by 
giving as the first command; Hies bear right and left into 
echelon. 

To Re-form Column of Files. 

1. Files. 2. Right and left into column. 3. March, 

At the first command the First Vice- Commander 
takes his place at the head of the column. 

The leading Knight advances by shortened steps ; the 
others oblique toward the center, regulating the steps 
so that each double file will successively reunite, then, 
turning to the front, will follow in trace of those imme- 
diately in their lead, The Standard Guard marches 
forward to its place. 

To Open and Close Ranks in Echelon from Line. 

1; By turns. 2. Threes front into echelon. 3. March. 

At the third command, given as the right foot strikes 
the ground, the left threes of each section mark time, 
the right threes advance until the right foot has been 
planted the third time (i. e., six steps), when they too 
mark time ; the rear threes having planted the right 
foot the third time, step off with the left foot, pass be- 
tween the threes in their front, and advance six steps in 
front of them, being twelve steps from their first posi- 
tion, when they mark time again, and so on by turns 
until the Commander desires the line to advance to- 
gether, when he commands, 1. Forward, 2. Guide right 
(or left) 3. March ; the third command being given 
the instant the line is re formed 



THE DISPLAY DRILL. 131 

The Vice- Commanders successively advance with the 
threes in front. 



Or, he commands, Odd threes in circle right wheel, add- 
ing March the instant the line is formed, when the odd 
threes wheel full about ; the even threes march between 
the wheeling threes, which advance as soon as they 
complete the circle. 

If the Commander desires the threes to march in col- 
umn, he commands threes right (or left) in time to add 
march the instant the threes are united in line. Or 
the line may be hailed the instant it is reunited and is 
dressed by the usual commands. 

General Remarks, Apropos. 

In the formations of figures, etc., no rigid rules can 
be given, as the number of officers or Knights, the pres- 
ence of the Standard Bearer alone, or of the full guard 
would necessitate some modification in each case by the 
officer in charge, or interminable explanations in the 
tactics. 

The commands of the chiefs of threes are in fact merely 
cautions to enable the threes to move together, and 
may be dispensed with if so instructed by the Com- 
mander. This rule is general and may be applied to sec- 
tions at the discretion of the officer in charge. 



132 



THE DISPLAY DRILL 



To Form Cross from Column of Threes. 

Being in march, single rank. 

1. Form cross. 2. March. 3. Forward. 4. March, 
5. Guide center. 



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At the second command the First Vice-Oommander 
places himself in front of the right file 
of the leading three and shortens his 
steps ; the first three executes right for- 
ward files right, closing upon the First 
Vice Commander ; the third three takes 
one oblique step to the right and marches 
forward so that its number two will 
close upon the rear file of the first three ; 
the second three takes four oblique steps 
to the right and marches forward , form- 
ing in line with the third three; the 
fourth three takes two oblique steps to 
the left and marches forward, forming in 
line with the second and third three ; the 
fifth, sixth and seventh three execute 
right forward files right, closing in column 
of files upon number two of the third three. The threes 
shorten their steps upon arriving in their places. The 
Second Vice Commander follows in rear of the column. 
Seeing the movement completed the Commander gives 
the concluding commands, and places himself at the 
head of the cross 

The length of the steps is regulated so as to bring the 
threes into their proper places. 

If there be but five threes the movement is similarly 
executed, the third three forming the reft arm of the 
cross 



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THE DISPLAY DRILL 133 

If there are eight threes, with the Standard Guard in 
the column, the first and second threes form the upper 
arm of the cross ; the third three obliques to the right; 
the fourth three obliques to the left ; the Standard 
Guard obliques twenty-two inches to the right, and 
marches straight forward ; the four threes in rear form 
the lower arm of the cross upon principles explained 
before At the command march the First Vice Com- 
mander quickly places himself on the right of the third 
three, and the Second Vice commander quickly places 
himself on the left of the fourth three; so that the 
Vice-Commanders will be on the flanks of the horizon- 
tal arm of the cross and the standard at the angles in its 
center. The Commander marches about four yards to 
the left and abreast of the Second Vice Commander or 
at the top as before. 

Cross from column of sections is formed by similar 
commands and means. 

Supernumerary threes close in column as the base of 
the cross* or may form in triangle, etc., as hereafter ex- 
plained, the command being, 2, Rear threes form trian- 
gle, etc. 

To Reduce Cross to Column. 

Of like subdivisions from which it was formed 

1 Form column. 2. March 3 Guide left. 
At the command march the threes that are in column 
of files execute the left front into line, the first three con- 
tinues the march ; the second three left obliques into col- 
umn the third three marks time, until it is disengaged 
when it obliques into its place in column ; the fourth 
three right obliques to its place. The threes having re- 
formed the column mark time, when their guides are in 
trace of the guide in front, and successively advance as 
each gains its distance. 



134 THE DISPLAY DRILL 

The Commander gives the third command as soon as 
the movement is completed. 

To Form Greek Cross from Column of Sections, etc. 

The arms of a Greek Gross are so nearly eqnal that 
the difference is not readily perceived. The same num- 
ber of threes sections, etc , form each arm of the cross ; 
usually the Standard Guard is in the center, the First 
Vice Commander at the top (in advance), and the Sec- 
ond Vice-Commander in rear at the base. These may 
be changed when necessary to equalize the limbs of the 
cross. 

1. Form Greek Cross. 2. March. 3. Guide center. 

At the first command the sections execute the follow- 
ing movements, the chiefs giving the commands if nec- 
essary to insure prompt action ; First and fourth sec- 
tions, right forward files right, forming the advance and 
rear arms of the cross; second section and Standard 
Guard, right oblique, forming the right arm and center; 
third section left oblique, forming the left arm, as de- 
scribed before for the Passion Cross 

Greek Cross from column of threes and double- sec- 
tions is formed by similar means, the chiefs giving the 
commands for their double-sections, causing them to 
take the short step, to march forward, et°., at the 
proper time. As the cross is completed the chiefs 
promptly take their places and the < ross moves forward 
at the command of the Commander. 

To Reduce Greek Cross to Column. 
From which it was formed, command, 

1. Form column. 2. March. 3. Guide left. 
At the first command the following movements are 
executed as indicated by the command, viz. : 



THE DISPLAY DRILL. 135 

First and fourth sections. Left front into line. 

Second section and Standard Guard. Left oblique. 

Third section Right oblique. 

And the movement is completed as explained for the 
Passion Cross . 

To Form Greek and Passion Cross from Column of 
Threes. 

The Vice-Commanders, Standard Guard and eight 
threes being in the column marching 

1. Form Cross, 2. Leading 

— threes form Greek Cross. 

3. March. 4. Guide center. 
At the command march 

— the four threes, nearest to 
the head of the column, form 

P2i Greek Cross ; the first and 

fourth threes executing right 

- forward files right; the second 
three obliques to the right 

~ ~ and the third three obliques 
to the left, forming the sever- 

- S alarms of the cross, as before 

explained the First Vice- 
__ Commander quickly placing 

- — himself in its center ; the 
, — Senior Aide places himself 

fourty-four inches to the 
front and shortens his steps; 
the Standard Bearer quickly 
takes the place thus vacated, and the Junior Aid 
places himself between the two ; the Second Vice Com- 
mander quickly places himself in front of the Senior 



136 



THE DISPLAY DRILL. 



Aid, and the cross is formed as before explained with 
the standard in its center. 

The Commander places himself at the head of the 
Passion Cross and commands forward, march, and all 
move forward. 

Care should be taken to preserve the proper distance 
between the two crosses, which will result from the 
same &tep being taken by the Knight at the head of each. 

The cross is reduced by commands and means similar 
to those before explained. 

Supernumerary threes may form at the base as shown 
in illustration (2) , or may form a second Greek Cross. 
In the latter case the second command would be, 2. 
Leading and rear threes form, etc. 

The crosses are reduced by the commands, etc., as 
before. 

To Display Greek Cross and Reduce it to Column 
again 

Being in column marching 

1. Display Greek Cross. 2. March. 3. Guide center. 
At the command march the First 
Vice-Commander continues the march 
full two yards straight forward and 
halts; the leading section wheels to 
the right (or left, according to previous 
instructions) in a complete circle, the 
pivot Knight taking short steps, so as 
to describe a circle of about one yard 
in diameter ; the three sections in its 
rear, march forward until each in suc- 
cession has gained the ground from 
which the first section commenced the 
wheel, when each wheels, following 
exactly in trace of the preceding sec- 



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THE DISPLAY DRILL. 137 

tion. The chief of the leading section commands for- 
ward, in a low tone, in time to add march the instant 
it has gained the ground from which it commenced the 
wheel, and this section marches straight to the front ; 
the others follow it in column from the same point. 
These commands should be loud enough to be heard 
only by the section to whom they are addressed, that 
the cross may appear to dissolve without command. 

The guide is then on the same flank that it was before 
the movement commenced, and without command 

The Second Vice Commander places himself on the 
left of the fifth section, and during the display, the rear 
sections halt at his command, given the instant before 
the fourth section commences, and resume the forward 
inarch when that section completes the wheel, so that 
they may not be too close during the display of the 
cross, and may move forward and keep the proper dis 
tance as soon as it is reduced. 

The sections, in wheeling, form right angles with 
each other, and the alignment must be perfect. 

If the Standard Guard is between either of these four 
sections, it obliques to the center as soon as the section 
in its front is about to commence the wheel and quickly 
forms a close group facing each other (inward), the 
standard supported in the center by the three ; it re- 
sumes its place in column when the same section begins 
the forward march. If so instructed the Standard 
Bearer may be detached and. alone with the standard, 
occupy the center of the cross; or the Commander or 
First Vice- Commander may do so^. 

If there are eight sections (or threes) two crosses may 
be displayed at the same instant and in the same man- 
ner the First Yice-Commander filling the center of 



138 THE DISPLAY DRILL. 

the leading cross, the Second Vice -Commander that of 
the one in its rear, the Standard obliques to the center, 
between the two crosses, and halts, Or, the rear sec- 
tions form square, triangle, etc , and reduce them as the 
cross is reduced. These combinations are numerous, 
and when well executed have a fine effect It is not so 
well, however, in the display as in the formation of Greek 
and other crosses. 

The object in wheeling to the right is that the left 
guides may be on the marching flanks. If so instructed, 
the cross may be displayed to the left, and in absence 
of the Standard Guard the Commander, with the Vice 
Commanders, may place themselves in the center, back 
to back, thus : . '. Or, either of them alone may occupy 
the center. They resume their places in column as 
soon as the leading section commences the forward 

To Form Greek Cross from Line. 

1. Form Greek Cross. 2. March. 3. Forward, 4. March. 

5. Guide center. 

Four sections being in line, marching, with the Stand- 
ard Guard in the center 

At the first command the officers command as fol- 
lows : 

First Vice Commander — 1. First section 2. Threes left. 

Second Vice Commander — 1. Fourth section. 2. To the 
rear. 3. Threes left. 

Senior Aid — 1. Center sections and Standard Guard. 

2. Mark time. 

At the command march, given as the right foot is 
coming to the ground, the first section wheels by threes, 
on movable pivots, to the left and marches in column 
of threes, parallel to the front of the second section, 



THE DISPLAY DRILL. 139 

toward the center; the center sections and Standard 
Guard mark time; the fourth section executes to the rear, 
march, and immediately wheels by threes, on movable 
pivots, to the left, then marches in column of threes 
across the rear of the third section to the center. When 
the leading three of the first section reaches the front 
of the Standard Bearer it executes by the right flank 
march, and marks time; the original first three ob- 
liques to the right, and in like manner forms column of 
files in front of its second three thus completing the 
upper limb of the cross, with the First Vice-Commander 
at the top. 

The leading (being the first) three of the fourth sec- 
tion forms column of files in rear of the Standard 
Bearer, by executing by the left flank, and marking time; 
the second three of the fourth section right obliques to 
the rear of its first three and executes by the left flank, 
forming with it the lower limb of the cross, with the 
Second Vice-Commander in its rear. 

The Commander gives the fourth command, and the 
cross moves forward. 

If so instructed, the flank sections may wheel by sec- 
tion and form the upper and lower parts of the cross 
without breaking by threes, and the commands of the 
Vice Commanders are changed accordingly to 1. First 
section. 2. Left wheel, etc. 

Similar formations are made by double sections,, 
threes, etc., to form Passion or other crosses, with or 
without the Standard Guard. 

To Reduce Greek Cross to Line. 

1. Form line. 2. March. 3. Forward. 4. March. 
5. Guide right (or left). 



140 THE DISPLAY DRILL. 

At the first command the First Vice-Commander 
placing himself on its right, commands : 1. First section. 
2. By the right flank. 

Second Vice- Commander, placing himself on its left; 
1. Fourth section. 2. By the left flank. Senior Aid: 
1. Center sections and Standard Guard. 2. Mark time. 

At the command march the first section executes^ by 
the right flank, forming line, and is conducted by the 
First Vice-Commander to the right of the second sec- 
tion, caused to wheel on a movable pivot to the right, 
then executes to the rear, march and marks time in its 
place on the right of the line ; in the meantime the 
lower limb of the cross (fourth section) executes by the 
left flank, is conducted by the Second Vice Commander 
to the left of third section, and caused to right wheel 
(on a movable pivot) to its place on the left. 

The Vice- Commanders take their places on the right 
and left as soon as their sections have gained their 
positions, and the Commander immediately commands 
forward, etc. 

If desired, the cross is reduced into column of sec- 
tions as before explained; or cross, formed from col- 
umn of sections, may be reduced into line, as just ex- 
plained. 

To Form Patriarchal Cross. 

Being in column of threes. 

1. Form Patriarchal Cross. 2. March. 3. Forward. 
4. March. 5. Guide center. 

At the second command the first three executes right 
forward filet right and takes the short step, when its 



THE DISPLAY DRILL. 141 



leading file has advanced two steps ; 
the fourth, fifth and eighth threes 
execute the same movement and 
close upon the first three in column 
of files ; the second three obliques 
to the right and marches forward, 
forming the right half of the hori- 
zontal limb of the cross, as explained 
for cross, with number one of the 
fourth three on its left; the third 



three obliques to the left, then marches forward, and 
with the second three and number one of the fourth 
three, forms the upper horizontal arms of the cross ; 
the sixth three executes the movement as described for 
the second three, forming the right half (or arm) of the 
lower horizontal portion of the cross, with number 
three of the fifth three ; the seventh three executes the 
movement described for the third three, forming in line 
with the sixth three and number three of the fifth 
three; the Vice- Commanders place themselves on the 
right and left flanks of the lower horizontal limbs ; and 
the Commander gives the fourth command and places 
himself at the head of the cross. 

[If the Standard Guard is present the Standard 
Bearer quickly places himself in the center of one of the 
horizontal portions of the cross ; the Senior Aid and 
Junior Aid taking the outer flanks or move with the 
Standard Bearer ; the Vice-Commanders leading and fol- 
lowing the column, and the Commander marches four 
yards from the left flank and abreast of the leading 
horizontal line. These various positions are determined 
by the number in rank in order to preserve the proper 
proportions of the cross, and upon principles explained. 



142 THE DISPLAY DRILL 

Cross is formed from column of sections, etc., by 
similar commands and means. 

To Reduce Patriarchal Cross. 

1. Form column. 2. March. 3. Guide left. 

This is executed by means similar to the reduction of 
the Passion Cross, before explained. 

To Form Cross of Salem. 

Being in column of threes. 

1, Form Cross of Salem. 2. March. 3. Guide center. 

Cross of Salem is a Patriachal Cross, with an addi- 
tional cross at its base, like the one at the top, and is 
formed by similar means ; the rear cross forming, as has 
been explained for the upper part of patriarchal Cross, 
closing up and uniting with the lower limb of the Patri- 
archal Cross. 

The officers take their places, so as to effect the 
proper proportions of the different limbs of the cross, 
depending upon the number of threes (or sections) in 
the column. 

To Reduce Cross of Salem. 

1. Form column. 2. March. 3. Guide left. 

The cross is reduced by means similar to the reduc- 
tion of other crosses, as before explained. 

To Form Cross of St Andrew from Column of Divis- 
ions or Double Sections. 

1. Form Cross of St. Andrew. 2 Left and right half wheel. 

3. March. 4. Eight and left oblique. 5. March. 

6. Forward. 7. March. 8. Guide center. 



THE1 DISPLAY DRILL. 143 

At the second command the First Vice- Commander 
commands: 1. First division [or 

— — double section, etc ] 2. Left and 
— right, inward, half wheel. Second 

Vice-Commander — 1. Second divis- 

ion. 2. Eight and left, outward, half 

— wheel 
At the command march the lead- 
ing division (half) wheels inward- 
ly en fixed pivots, forming a let- 

— — ter V ; the second division (half) 
~~ — wheels outwardly on movable pi- 
vots, forming an inverted A J the Standard Bearer re- 
tains his place, at the angle of the leading V, and the 
Senior Aid and Junior Aid place themselves abreast 
twelve inches in his rear and about six inches apart. 

The Commander gives the fourth command in time 
to add march the instant the half wheels are completed ; 
at which the leading division faces to its former front 
and shortens the step a little ; the second division faces 
in the same direction, and advancing obliquely toward 
the center without deranging the positions of the 
shoulders, closes the interval between its leading files 
and the distance between them and the Standard Guard, 
so as to form a letter X with the Standard Bearer in its 
center The Vice- Commanders quickly place themselves, 
in echelon, at the heads of the cross (the First Vice- 
Commander on the right), which marches with full step 
to its present front, late front of the column, at com- 
mand of the Commander, who places himself in front of 
the Standard and on a line with the Vice Commanders. 

If there be no Standard Guard the Commander occu- 



144 THE DISPLAY DRILL. 

pies the center, and the Vice Commanders take the 
Senior Aid's and Junior Aid's places. 

To Reduce Cross of St. Andrew. 

1. Form column^ 2. Eight and left front into line. 3. 
March. 4. Guide left. 

At the second command the officers quickly place 
themselves in front of the several arms of the cross and 
command : 

First Vice Commander— (To upper right arm). 1. First 
section. 2. Left front into line. 

Second Vice-Commander — (To lower left arm.) 1. 
Fourth section. 2. Left front into line. 

Senior Aid— (To lower right arm). 1. Third section. 
2. Right front into line. 

Junior Aid — (To upper left arm). 1. Second section. 
2 Mark time. 

[If the arms of the cross are more or less than a sec- 
tion, change the command to suit, thus : " Right wing, 
first division. Left front into line, ' ' etc. ] 

At the command march the several sections of the 
cross execute the commands, and the leading section, 
having formed line, marches forward at the command 
of the First Vice Commander ; as soon as the second 
section is unmasked it executes right front into line at 
command of the Junior Aid, and by his command ob- 
liques into its place in column. The other sections are 
marched into their places by similar commands and 
means, regulating the step so as to immediately gain 
their position in column, and the officers take their 
places. 



THE DISPLAY DRILL. 145 

TRIANGLES. 

From Column of Files Single Rank 
Station two markers two yards apart opposite each 
other, near the apex, and one at each angle at the base 
of triangle to be formed. The column being in march, 
command : 

1. Form triangle. 2 Column half 'left and right. 3. March. 

The third command is given when the column is about 
three yards from the markers at the apex. 

The First Vice-Commander conducts the column half 
left, parallel to the line of the marker3 on that side, 
halts his division when its head has reached the point 
opposite the place where it will rest, and faces it to the 
right; the Senior Aid follows, conducting his center 
division until nearing the point where the first division 
inclined to the left, when he marches it column half left 
in rear of the first division, beyond the marker at the 
head of the first division, marches it column right three 
yards in rear of and opposite the base of the triangle, 
halts and faces it to the right ; the Second Vice-Com- 
mander follows, with the third division, to the ground 
from which the first division changed direction, then by 
column half right marches it parallel to the line of mark- 
ers on that side, halts it opposite its place, and causes it 
to left face. 

Each chief, having faced his division toward the cen- 
ter, as roon as it arrives opposite to its place, takes his 
post (the Vice-Commanders at the apex of the triangle 
and the Aids on the flanks of their division) ; each 
dresses his division up to the line toward himself, 
against the marker, leaving room for the Commander to 
form the apex of the triangle. 



146 THE DISPLAY DRILL. 

The Junior Aid hastens to place himself in front of 
the second division, when it first changes direction, 
near the apex of the triangle. 



To Reduce the Triangle. 

1. Column of files. 2. Right and left, 3. Face. 
4. Forward. 5. March. 

At the second command the First Vice -Commander 

and Senior Aid command; 1. division. 2 Eight, 

the Second Vice Commander, 1. Third division. 2. Left, 
and the chiefs repeat the third command. At the com- 
mand forward, the First Vice Commander commands, 
1, First division. 2, Stand fast. At march the Second 
Vice-Commander conducts his division back, left in 
front, over the ground it traversed in forming the tri 
angle, the Senior Aid conducts the second division past 
the rear of the first division, retracing its steps to the 
point where it executed column half left, and there unites 
in column of files with and in rear of the Second Vice- 
Commander's division, and resumes his own place (the 
Junior Aid takes his place as soon as the second divis- 
ion commences the forward march) ; the First Vice- 
Commander causes his division to move forward in rear 
of and uniting with the second division as it passes, and 
takes his place in rear of the column. 

When the divisions are joined in column of files the 
Commander halts and faces it to the right continues 
the march left in front, or he commands to the rear, 
march, or uses such other method to bring the right in 
front as he desires. 



THE DISPLAY DRILL. 147 

To Form Triangle from Column of Threes about a 
Grave or Delta. 

1. Form triangle. 2. Column half right and left. 3. March. 

If the Standard Guard occupies the center of the col- 
umn, the Senior Aid and Junior Aid immediately 
place themselves in front and rear of the center column, 
and at the command march, the two left divisions (col 
umns) march together, column half left, and the right 
division marches column half right, conducted by their 
chiefs to their places, as before. 

To Reduce the Triangle. 

1. Column of threes. 2 Right and left. 3. Face. 
4 Forward. 5. March. 

The divisions step off together, retrace their steps, 
conducted by their chiefs, and each is halted when its 
rear reaches the ground from which it changed direction 
at the apex of the triangle to march out of the column. 
The Junior Aid takes his place in the second division 
as soon as it commenres the forward march ; the chiefs 
of division resume their places as the column is re- 
formed. 

If it be desired to form column of files , the commands 
are given as before explained, and the movement is 
similarly executed. 

To Form Triangle from Column of Threes. 

Being in march. 

1. To half distance close column. 2. March. 
Executed as before explained. 



148 THE DISPLAY DRILL. 

1. Form triangle. 2. March. 

At the first command the Junior Aid hastens to 

place himself in rear of the rear file of the middle col- 

f umn ; the First Vice Commander 

Ba passing by the right to rear, com- 

J^ W \ m mands : 1. Files. 2 Right into eche- 

mm mm Ion; the Second Vice Commander 

^ h stepping to the left of the column, 

*m | tm commands : 1. Files. 2 Left irto 

a wm echelon, and both Vice-Command- 

\ \ \ v [) U U U ers ( l mckl y g° to tne rear °i their 

WN^ columns; the Senior Aid, with- 

V\_3 out moving from his place, com- 

\c3 mands : 1. Center files. 2. Mark 

time. 

At the command march the center column of files 

marks time, the leading files of the right and left column 

shorten the step. When these columns have passed 

about half their length the Senior Aid commands : 1. 

Center column. 2 Forward. 3 Column right 4. March, 

which it executes ; and the Senior Aid immediately 

commands: 1, By the left flank. 2. Rear files. 3. Left 

front into line, adding, 4 March the instant before 

the Standard Bearer would have turned to the right 

The Knights, who have changed direction to the 
right face to tt e left and advance in line by short steps ; 
the rear files execute left front into line, the Senior Aid 
quickly takes his place on the right of his division ; the 
Vice-Commanders form the last files of their respective 
divisions ; the rear division, when formed, closes up on 
the other two with the full step, and the Commander 
commands: 1. Forvjard 2 Match. 3. Guide center, 
and places himself in front of the leading files, thus 
completing the triangle. 



THE DISPLAY DRILL. 149 

The triangle may be formed at open order (threes dis- 
tance) if desired, by omitting the command for closing 
to halt' distance. 

The center column may form the base of the triangle 
by wheeling around the standard, as before described 
for similar movement; if so instructed. 

To Reduce Triangle. 
1. Column of threes. 2. Mark time. 3. March. 

At the first command the Vice- Commanders command 
their respective divisions to mark time, the Senior Aid 
steps in front of his division, and commands, 1. Right 
wing, 2. Left ivheel, and the Junior Aid facing the left 
wing of the second division, commands, 1. Left wing. 
2. To the rear. 3. Left ivheel. At the command march 
the first and third divisions and the Standard Bearer 
mark time; the half of the second division, which is at 
the right of the Standard Bearer, wheels to the left, de- 
scribing a quarter circle about him ; the left half of the 
division executes to the rear, march, and immediately 
commences the left wheel similar to the movement of 
the right wing. The Senior Aid commands, 1. From 
right take distance by the right and left flanks, and adds 
march the instant the wings have wheeled perpendicular 
to their late line, when both wings face toward the apex 
of the triangle, and, except the leading file, halts ; the 
leading file marches forward and each Knight in suc- 
cession resumes the forward march at the distance of 
fifty-four inches from the one in front. 

Seeing that the head of the center column is nearly 
up to its place, the Commander commands. 1. Form 
threes. 2. March. The Senior and Junior Aids quickly 



150 THE DISPLAY DRILL. 

take their places on the right and left of the Standard 
Bearer, and Knights in the outer columns face and march 
directly to their places in column of threes ; the Vice- 
Commanders take their posts at the head and rear of 
the column. The Commander commands Forward 
march at the proper time. 

Threes in Triangles. 

Being in column of threes, at section distance. 

1. Threes in triangles. 2. March. 

At the command march, given as the right foot strikes 
the ground, numbers one and three of each 
— three mark time and numbers two take two 
short steps, and then all resume the full step. 
If in column of threes at wheeling distance , it is 
executed as described, the leading three 
marching forward on the third step, and the 
others halt; each three in succession marching 

forward, at caution of its chief, when it has 

gained section distance from the three in its 
front. 
The Vice-Commanders lead and follow the column at 

half distance (54 inches). 
The Standard Guard forms triangle as other threes. 

1. Form threes. 2. March. 

At march, the Knight forming the apex of each tri- 
angle marks time, the others advance by the short 
step, and the threes, united, march forward. 

To Form Triangles from Column of Sections. 

Being closed to half distance. 



THE DISPLAY DRILL. 151 

1. Form triangle, 2. Threes half right and left. 3. March. 

At the second command the chief of third section 
commands forward, the right three of the leading sec- 
tion wheels on a movable pivot, half right, and upon 
completion of the wheel of one-eighth of a circle, each 
Knight faces to the late front, and by oblique steps, 
shoulders square to the front, close the apex of the tri- 
angle (to within twelve inches) with the left three, 
which executes the same movements to the left, and 
both mark time; the right and left threes of the second 
section wheel as described, advance obliquely, and unite 
in echelon with the threes of the first section, at the 
caution of their chiefs ; the Vice Commanders take their 
places in echelon at the rear ; the third section marches 
forward (breaking in the center sufficient to admit the 
Standard Bearer, who halts when the movement is com- 
menced), and the Aids place themselves on the flanks 
at the base of the triangle. The Commander forms its 
apex in front. 

The length of the steps and acuteness of the angles 
necessary will be seen and readily determined on once 
executing the movement. 

If there are more than three sections, those in rear 
form a second triangle, a cross square, etc., as may be 
indicated by the commands and as they may have been 
before instructed. 

Double sections may be formed into triangle by similar 
means, the commands being, 1. Form triangle. 2. Sec- 
tions right and left half wheel, etc. 

To Re-form Column of Sections. 
1. Form sections. 2. March. 3. Guide center. 

At the command march the First Vice Commander 
takes his place at the head of the column ; the leading 
Knights take the short step while the others of the first 



152 THE DISPLAY DRILL. 

section march forward to their places, and the section 
takes the thirty inch step ; the threes of the sec- 
and section march obliquely toward each other, unite, 
face to the front, re form the sections as just described, 
and march forward when at section distance ; the rear 
section marks time, until it gains its place in column, 
and marches forward ; the Standard Bearer and other 
officers promptly take their proper places by the short- 
est line. 

To Form Square From Column of Sections. 
Being in march. 

1. Form square. 2. March. 3. Forward. 4. March. 
At the first command the chiefs of sections command 
as follows, viz. : 

First section, Mark time. Second and third sections, 
1. Right and left forward 2 Files right and left. Fourth 
section and Standard Guard, Forward. 

At the second command the first section marks time; 
the right threes of the second and third sections execute 
the right forward files right , and close in column of files 
on the chief of first section and mark time; the left 
threes of the same sections execute the left forward files 
left, closing up and marking time in rear 
of the left guide of section one ; the Stand- 
ard Guard marches forward to the middle 
of the square, and the Commander gives 
the fourth command the instant the fourth 
section closes the square in rear. 

The Commander and Vice Commanders 
dart into the square as it is forming and 
form a line in front of the Standard Guard, 
the Commander on the right, the Second 
Vice-Commanders on the left; or, if so 
instructed, the Vice-Commanders may 



■I > 



< > 



THE DISPLAY DRILL. 153 

place themselves on the flanks of the first section, 
and the Aides place themselves on the flanks of the 
rear section (to increase the front) ; the sides of the 
square will oblique so as to cover the Vice Commanders 
instead of the chief and guide of the leading section ; 
the Commander and standard only occupying the 
center, or the standard alone doing so. 

Formation of square from double sections is similarly 
executed, and the officers, with the Standard Guard, 
form line, double rank, or triangle within the square 
Any odd sections in rear form as the Commander shall 
indicate by commands, thus: 1. Form square. 2. Rear 
sections form triangle, etc., and are formed and reduced 
as explained. This applies to nearly all the formations 
of like character. 

To Reduce Square. 

1. Column of section. 2. Right and left front into line. 
3, March. 4. Guide left. 

At the first command the First Vice-Commander, ap- 
proaching near to the right side of the square, commands, 
in a low tone, Left front into sections; the Second Vice-? 
Commander approaches near to the leftside of the square 
and commands in a low tone, Right front into sections; the 
chief of the fourth section, Mark time. At the command 
march the first section moves forward ; the second and 
third sections are re-formed as indicated by the com- 
mands, until each in succession has gained section 
distance, when, at command of their chiefs, they take 
the full step forward, and so with section four. The 
officers immediately resume their proper posts ; the 
Standard Guard regulates its step so as to regain its 
place as soon as the second section advances. 



154 



THE DISPLAY DRILL. 



To Reduce Greek Gross to the Left. 

1. Form column to the left. 2. March. 3. Guide left. 
See page 134. 



1" n ^ 




§ ! 1 




1 1 




\ <—^ 1 


K 1 


1 ^ 1 

1 1 


\ 1 


^ ^ l 


t 1 



% 



At the first com- 
mand the First. 
Vice-Comm ander 
orders: First section 
by the left flank; the 
chief of second sec- 
tion commands, left 
wheel; the chief of 
the third section, and Second Vice-Commander cautions 
the third and fourth sections that they will have to 
mark time. The command march is given as the left 
foot strikes the ground, when the first section marches 
by the left flank ; the second section wheels on a mov- 
able pivot to the left and follows the first. As the sec- 
ond section is about to pass in front of the third section 
its chief commands : 1. Third section. 2. Left wheel. 3, 
March ; when it wheels into its place in column. The 
Second Vice-Commander orders, 1. Fourth section. 2. 
Forward. 3. March, and when it reaches the rear of 
the column, commands, 1. By the left flank, 2. March. 

To Form Square from Greek Cross. 

1. Form square. 2. March. 

At the first command chiefs of double-sections (or sec- 
tions) command : 

1st and 4th double- sections — 1. By the left flank. 2. 
Bight wheel 

2d and 3d double sections— Left wheel. 



THE DISPLAY DRILL. 155 

At the command march the 
double sections wheel as indi- 
cated by the commands ; the 
double sections regulating their 
steps so that they will not inter 
fere with others, and each com- 
pletes its wheel as nearly as pos- 
sible at the same instant. The 
Commander, and Vice Commanders place themselves 
within the square as before explained, and the Com- 
mander orders : 

1. By the right flanfc. 2. Square forward. 3. March. 
4 Guide center. 

The second and third divisions execute by the right 
flank, and with the rear subdivisions closed to their 
places the square, moves forward. 

1. Form column, 2. March. 3. Guide left 

At the second command chiefs of subdivisions see 
that their subdivisions gain their places in column by 
these movements. 1st, Subdivision — Forward, executed 
by shortening the steps a little. 2d, 1. By the left flank. 

2. Right wheel, following in trace of the leading subdivis- 
ion at subdivision distance. . 

3d and 4th Subdivisions— 1. Section, 2 Mark time. 
3d Subdivision executes, 1. Forward 2. Column right. 

3. March, and having gained its place in column. 1. 
By the I ft flank. 2. March. 

4th Subdivision. 1, Forward. 2. March, when the 
3d subdivision is at proper distance. 

The Commander orders Guide left when the command 
forward march is given to the rear subdivision, and the 
full step is taken. 

Or the cross may be reformed thus : 



156 THE DISPLAY DRILL. 

1. Form Greek Cross, 2. March. 

The subdivisions execute the following movements : 

1st and 4th subdivisions — Left wheel , then by the right 
flank. 

2d and 3d subdivisions — Right wheel, and seeing the 
movements completed the cross marches forward by the 
usual commands and means. 

These hints are deemed sufficient for the execution 
of the movement. 

To Form Star from Column of Threes (or Sections.) 

1. Form star. 2. March. 3 Guide center. 

At the command march the First Vice-Commander 
places himself on the left of the leading three, which 
wheels in a circle about him, its pivot describing a circle 
of about forty eight inches in diameter, Commander 
places himself twelve inches in front and left of First 
Vice-Commander, half of whose body covers him (*.); 
the other threes advance and wheel on the same ground 
as the leading three, keeping the distance equal. As 
the rear three is about to commence the wheel the 
the Second Vice Commander quickly places himself by 
the side of the First Vice Commander and the three 
officers form a triangle within the circling threes (.*.). 

The circular movement is kept up, in lieu of a direct 

march and innumerable radiations from, or formations 

about the center are made ; for example : 

1. Threes right. 2. March. 

Each three wheels and marches directly from the center. 

1. Threes right about. 2. March. 

They execute the movement, and on nearing the cen- 
ter are caused to resume the former place in circular 



THE DISPLAY DRILL. 157 

column, thus : 1. Threes right. 2. March. Then may 
follow ; 1. Form sections. 2. Left oblique. 3. March ; 
then 1. Left threes. 2. To the rear. 3. March causes 
those nearest the center to reverse the circle while the 
threes on the outer flank continue the march. 

1. To the rear. 2. March. 

Is executed by all. Then, after wheeling about the 
officers: 1. Right threes. 2. To the rear. 3. March; 
The third command is given as the threes of the original 
leading section approach, so that when executed all the 
sections w r ill be re-formed. 
The following may be executed consecutively : 

1. Right threes. 2. Full about. 3. March. 
1. Left threes. 2. Full about. 3 March. 

The sections being united : 1. Center forward. 2. Files 
left and right. 3. March. 

1. Left files. 2. To the rear. 3. March 
1. To the rear. 2. March. 

1. Right files. 2. To the rear. 3. March, in time to 
reform column of tw r os, as before. Then, 

1. Right and left front into sections. 2 March. 
1. Sections in circle. 2 By the right flank. 3 March. 

At the third command each section executes by the 
right flank, march, and its leading file commences a 
circle (followed by the files of his section), whose dia- 
meter is about forty-eight inches, the files being careful 
to preserve their distances, and each head of section 
arriving at the same part of its own circle at the same 
time "with the others. 



158 THE DISPLAY DRILL. 

1. Column of -files . 2. In circle. 3. Forward. 4. March. 
At the command march, given as the leading file 

reaches the ground from which it commenced the last 
movement, it marches in a circle section distance about 
the officer following the trace of the one in front, and fol- 
lowed successively by the files of his section, as it 
unwinds, until all are marching in one circular column 
of files. 

1 Form threes. 2 Left oblique 3. March, forms col- 
umn of threes marching in circle. 

1. Form sections. 2. Left oblique. 3 March re-forms 
sections. 

1. By the right flank. 2 March sends then off ray- 
like in columns from the center. 

1. To the rear. 2. March brings them back. 

1. By the right flank. 2 March, re-forms column of 
sections. 

1. Right by threes. 2. March, forms column of threes. 

1. Right by files . 2. March, forms column of files. 

Now execute the following, giving each separate 
command as the feet successively strike the ground, 
commence by giving the first command as the left foot 
is planted : 

1. To the rear. 2, March. 3. To the rear. 4 March. 
5. By the right flank. 6. March. 

Thus execute to the rear march twice, then by the 
right flank. It requires practice, but when acquired is 
easily executed and is attractive. If desired, give fifth 
and sixth commands only. The files go off from the cen- 
ter independently and not together. They are returned 
by the command: 1. To the rear. 2. March, and when 
the files approach each other:— 1, By the right flank. 

2. March re-forms circular column of files. 



THE DISPLAY DRILL. 159 

1. Forward. 2. March. 

At the second command the First Vice- Commander 
takes his place at the head and conducts the column 
straight forward, in a tangent, and the Second Vice- 
Commander places himself in rear as the column un- 
winds. 

The foregoing are but suggestions. The combinations 
are without number. If there are eighteen in line t ey 
wheel in sections, etc , a3 before, forming obtuse 
angles ; the Commander in the center. It looks quite as 
well or better with one in the center, but this can not be 
done so well if the Vice-Commanders are present. If 
the Standard is present it occupies the center. 

During the march, in circular column of sections 
about the Commander, he may command : 1 Threes. 
2. Right forward. 3. Files right. 4, March, when each 
three executes it, forming two (circular) colums of files 
at forty-four inches interval. Then: 1. Bear rest- 
2. Swords, and march one of the colums to the rear, etc. 

Or when in (circling) column of threes, or sections, 
command: 1 To the rear. 2. Left (or right) wheel, 
3 March when the subdivision execute the first and 
immediately commence the second movement. 



School of the ^ctttctlion. 



Uniformity and precision of movement, certainty as 
to the commands and the particular thing to be done, 
or that is required of the officers and commanderies, 
are essential in public parades and 43attalion move- 
ments. 

A battalion of Knights of PTonor is composed of two or 
more commanderies not exceeding eight, as a rule. In 
emergencies the number may be increased, but it is 
better for the commanderies to be consolidated and 
equalized, or formed as two or more battalions, under 
a Grand Commander. 

Independent commanderies, of marked difference in 
numerical strength, with bands at irregular distances, 
detract very much from the beauty of the column that 
would result from a more systematic formation. 

The first important thing is promptness. This can not 
be too strongly emphasized. 

The details of this drill are given as full as the limit 
of space permits 

In describing the movements, <f at one" is sometimes 
used to indicate the first command : " at two " for the 
second command, and so on. Plain abbreviations are 
also used. 

160 



SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. 161 

Who Commands 

When Commanderies appear in public, in their own 
State or out of it, they are under the immediate au- 
thority of the " Grand Commander," an officer upon 
whom under the constitution this duty devolves. But 
all are under the authority of the Grand Commander 
in whose jurisdiction they may at the time be 

An officer properly in command and present may de- 
tail any Knight to assist in giving the oral commands, 
but he can not leave such Knight in charge when there 
are ranking officers present. 

Battalion Officers. 

The Colonel-Commander is chief of Battalion, and 
will be referred to in this work as the " Colonel." 

The Battalion First Yice-Commander is second in 
rank, (corresponding to Lieutenant-Colonel) and will 
be referred to in this work as the l ' Battalion First 
Vice." 

The Battalion Second Yice-Commander is third in 
rank, (corresponding to Major) and in this work will be 
referred to as " Battalion Second Vice." 

These three officers are the Field Officers. 

Staff Officers. 

The Adjutant forms the battalion, does the writing at 
Headquarters, signs orders " By order of Colonel-Com- 
mander, A. B." 

The Battalion Orderly assists the Adjutant (corre- 
sponding with the Sergeant-Major of the army) ; in this 
work he is referred to as " Orderly." 



162 SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. 

The Battalion Senior Aid commands the Standard or 
Color Guard. The Battalion Junior Aid is next in 
rank. The Standard, or Color Bearer, is a Knight, de- 
tailed on account of his steadiness in marching, correct 
carriage and physical strength and stature, to bear the 
principal standard or battalion colors. These three 
are called the Battalion Standard Guard, which may 
be increased in numbers as hereafter explained. 

The Judge Advocate, Quartermaster and Commissary 
may form the rear (or in the front) rank of the Battal- 
ion Standard Guard as required. 

When Commands are Repeated and Executed. 

Officers in command of wings repeat commands when- 
ever necessary ; chiefs of commanderies repeat those, 
different from the others, which are to be immediately 
executed by their commanderies. In successive move- 
men* s each chief of commandery gives the command 
necessary to insure the execution of the movement by 
his commandery at the proper time. Commands are, 
executed on hearing them from the Colonel-Commander. 

Rank and Position of Commanderies. 

Commanderies take rank according to the dates of 
their several organizations, unless they voluntarily 
waive their proper rank. 

They form in order of rank from right to left, and in 
battalion movements are designated, numerically, from 
right to left, when in line, and from front to rear when 
in column, as first commandery, second commandery, and 
so on 

A Squadron is properly two mounted commanderies, 
but the nomenclature of the order forces the use of 



SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION 163 

division (in U. S. infantry battalion drill, two com- 
panies) in the sense of a military platoon; hence we, 
nse squadron in this battalion drill, to indicate two 
commanderies, if more than two are present, whether 
mounted or on foot. 

In column of squadrons commanderies are designated 
from the head of the column, and from right to left of 
each squadron, as , first commandery; second commandery 
first squadron, and so on 

The numbers of commanderies and squadrons change 
when, by facing in the opposite direction, the left be- 
comes the right of the line, and the' rear the head of the 
column. If in passing from line into c lumn, or the re- 
verse, the designation is changed, they hold their last 
designation until the movement is completed, when the 
chiefs immediatly caution (such) commandery, so with 
the squadrons. 

The ranking officer of the squadron commands it in 
column of squadrons, having regard to the rank of the 
officer himself, as well as his commandery (unless he 
waive his right). 

For practice drill large commanderies can treat 
double-sections, or sections, as commanderies, placing 
the best drilled Knights in command. 

Equalization of Commanderies. 

In drill and parades it is often desirable that the Com- 
manderies be numerically equal. Large commanderies 
may, for this purpose, be divided into two or more; 
one of which occupies its place according to rank, and 
the others on its left according to the direction of the 
commander. Small commanderies might be consolidated 
and take rank from the oldest commandery in the con- 



164 SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. 

solidation, according to the equities of the case. That 
is, if a senior commandery , taking the right, had one or 
more supernumeraries, it would not be just for these to 
be consolidated with the junior commandery so as to 
give it fictitious rank. 

The Standards. 

Unless every commandery has its standard and guard, 
those present could be grouped and form a Battalion 
Standard Guard, which occupies the center of the bat- 
talion. Its chief is the Battalion Senior Aide on its 
right, unless its number (always the multiple of three) 
exceeds six, when its chief may be detached, the same 
as a chief of commandery. 

Its numerical strength never exceeds that of the 
commanderies. It would doubtless prove satisfactory 
for the Standard Bearer, as left file of the right center 
division of each commandery, to carry a light Guidon 
with the li Coat of Arms" of his commandery em- 
blazoned upon it, 

When chiefs of commanderies are referred to, the 
term applies as well, generally, to the chief of the Bat- 
talion Standard Guard. 

Post of Officers. 

The Field Officers are supposed to be mounted. 

The Colonel- Commander is posted in front of the center 
of the line at a distance equal to about half its front, 
not exceeding thirty yards. He goes wherever his 
presence is necessary. 



SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. 165 

The Battalion First and Second Vice- Commanders are 
on a line in front of the centers of the right and left 
wings, at a distance equal to about half the front of the 
wing. 

* Col. Com. 



* 2d B. Vice-C. * ist B. Vice-C. 



com s • sj> at & * * ]& *c * 

Orderly*- * * — f— 1 * Adjt. 

The Adjutant and Battalion Orderly , in maneuvers of 
the battalion, act as Adjutant and Sergeant Major re 
spectively, and also as right and left general guides ; 
they are posted on the right and left of the battalion, 
except when acting as Adjutant and Sergeant Major, 
when they are three yards from the flanks, and aid the 
Battalion Vice-Commanders . 

Officers in charge of Commandery, and the chief of the 
Battalion Standard Guard, if he is not a part of the 
Guard itself, are two yards in front of the centers of 
their respective commands. 

The Markers 
Should, if practicable be Knights temporarily detached 
from the Battalion Standard Guard or flank commander- 
ies, and their intervals left for them; otherwise they 
retire, after the line is formed, behind the flanks of the 
Battalion Standard Guard [abbreviated Bat. St. Gd.]; 
or in maneuvers, are one yard in rear of the right and 
left flanks of the battalion when it is in line ; and the 
same distance from the leading and rear subdivisions 
on the opposite side from the guide, when in column. 



166 SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. 

To Form the Battalion. 

The commanderies form on their parade-grounds at 
the sound of the assembly [in army, at adjutant's call], 
and the Adjutant and Battalion Orderly, each covered 
hy a marker, march to the battalion parade ground, 
when each posts a marker, facing the other, at a dis- 
tance apart a little less than the front of a commandery ; 
each standing three yards in rear of the marker nearest 
to him, the Adjutant being toward the right of the line. 
The Adjutant then takes a side step to the left the 
Battalion Orderly to the right, draw swords, face about, 
and each proceeds commandery distance toward the 
right and left of the line, when they halt and face 
about, and again cover the markers. The line is pro- 
longed* in the right wing by the First Vice -Commanders 
(as right guides), who precede their commanderies on 
the line by about fifteen yards and establish themselves 
facing the markers, each at commandery distance from 
the marker or Vice Commander in front of him. The 
Adjutant assures the position of the right guides, plac- 
ing himself in their rear (as before described) as they 
successively arrive. The line is similarly prolonged in 
the left wing by the Second Vice-Commanders as left 
guides ; the Battalion Orderly assuring their position as 
they successively arrive. 

The guides invert their swords in front of the center 
of the body, cross hilt above the chapeau, flat of the 
blade next to them. 

The Bat, St. Gd. is the first established and is con- 
ducted by its chief, so as to arrive from the rear, paral- 
lel with the markers. When it arrives in rear of the 
line it is halted and its chief, placing himself facing to 



SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. 167 

the front, near the left marker dresses the guard to the 
left — [or if there is no Bat St. Gd , then the right cen- 
ter commandery is so dressed by its chief], the breasts 
of the Knights opposite the markers, resting against 
their arms. The commanderies of the right wing form 
successively from left to right, each being halted three 
yards from the line and dressed to the left, as explained 
for the Bat. St. Gd The commanderies of the left 
wing form successively from right to left, and are dressed 
to the right In alignments the Vice-Commanders on 
the flank toward which the alignment is made, if not 
employed to mark the line, step back to enable the 
chiefs to align their commanderies. 

Each chief commands : 1. (such) Commandery 2 Sup- 
port 3. Swords, as soon as the chief next succeeding 
him in his own wing commands front; the flank com- 
manderies support swords as soon as dressed. 

The band forms (at the place designated by the adju- 
tant) at the sound of the assembly of musicians which 
precedes the assembly, and marches at the same time 
wi'hthe commanderies, playing in quick time, to its 
position in line 

The Field Officers take their places, the Colonel - 
Commander only, facing the line 

The Adjutant having assured the position of the First 
Vice- Commander of the right commandery, faces about, 
marches three yards to the right of the front rank, faces 
to the left, moves two yards to the front, halts and faces 
to the left ; and when the last commandery arriving on 
the line is brought to support swords, commands : 1. 
Guides. 2 Posts. 

At this command the Orderly, chiefs of commander- 
ies, passing through the intervals, made by the Vice- 



168 SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. 

Commanders and markers take their posts in line; 
the markers passing through the intervals made by the 
Vice-Commanders near them stepping one yard to the 
rear, who then resume their places ; the Orderly takes 
his position on the left flank. 

(The chief of Bat. St. Gd occupies the same relative 
position, if not forming a part of the guard itself, and 
is included when chief of commanderies are referred 
to.) 

The Adjutant then passes along the front, in rear of 
the chiefs of commanderies, to the center, turns to the 
right, halts midway between the chiefs of commander- 
ies and the Colonel-Commander, faces about, brings 
the battalion to a carry and a present swords (which the 
Colonel acknowledges by raising his chapeau), resumes 
his front, salutes the Colonel, and reports : Sir the bat- 
talion is formed. 

The Colonel returns the salute with the right hand, 
directs the Adjutant to take your post, Sirj draws his 
sword, and commands : 1. Carry. 2. Swords. 

The Adjutant faces about, retraces his steps, and 
takes post on the right flank, 

To Open Ranks. 

Being at a halt. 

1. Rear open order. 2. March. 

At the first command the Adjutant places himself 
three yards in rear of the right of the right flank, facing 
to the left ; the Battalion Orderly places himself three 
yards in rear of the left of the left flank, faces to the 
right, and inverts his sword ; the First Vice Command- 
ers of the right, and Second- Vice-Commanders of the 



SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. 169 

left commanderies, step back three yards opposite their 
places in line to mark the new alignment of the rear 
rank ; they are aligned by the Adjutant on the Battalion 
Orderly. 

At the command march the front rank dresses to the 
right and the rear rank steps to the rear, passes a little 
in rear of the established line, and dresses forward on 
the Vice-Commanders, who verify the alignment of 
their respective commanderies . 

The chiefs of commanderies place themselves three 
yards in front of the center of their commanderies, 
drees to the right and oast their eyes to the front as soon 
as their alignment is verified. 

The Colonel-Commander superintends the alignment 
of the commandery officers and front rank, and the 
Bat. lirst Vice the rear rank. 

At the command front, the Bat. First Vice Com- 
mander and Bat. Second Vice-Commander take their 
places (p. 165) ; the Vice-Commanders place themselves 
on the line of the chiefs of commandery in front of the 
centers of the right and left wings of their commander- 
ies ; the Adjutant and Orderly step straight to the front 
and dress on a line of commandery officers ; the Colonel- 
Commander, passing to the center in front of the line 
of commandery officers, places himself facing to the 
front, six yards in advance of the line of the Bat. First 
Vice- Commander and Bat. Second Vice-Commander. 

To Close the Ranks. 
1. Close order. 2. March. 
At the second command the officers face about and 
return to their places in line : the rear rank closes to 
facing distance. 



170 SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. 

To Open Order in Single Rank. 

The same rules and commands apply except that 
numbers two or even numbers if sixes are counted, step 
to the rear, as before explained (School of the Com- 
mandery). 

At the command, 1. Close order. 2. March, the rear 
rank resumes its place in the front rank, and the move- 
ment is completed as before 

To Dismiss the Battalion. 

Dismiss your commanderies . At this order each chief 
of commandery marches his commandery to its parade- 
ground, where it is dismissed. 

To March in Line. 

1. Forward. 2. Guide center. 3. March. 

At the second command the right and left general 
guides (Adjutant and Orderly) advance six yards to the 
front; the Battalion Standard Bearer (or Standard 
Bearer of the right center commandery if there be 
no Battalion Standard Guard) advances abreast of 
the Adjutant and Orderly," and the commander of the 
Battalion Standard Guard takes his place in the line. 
The chiefs of commanderies place themselves in the 
front rank on the right of their commanderies, and the 
First Vice-Commanders step back two yards straight to 
the rear ; or, if there are two ranks, step back into the 
rer rank and cover their chiefs 

The Bat. St. Gd. forms the basis for the alignm nt, 
its chief following in trace of the standard in its front. 
If there be no Bat. St. Gd. the right center commandery 
is the basis of the alignment. The chiefs of command- 



SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. 171 

eries occasionally turn their heads slightly toward the 
basis of alignment (shoulders square to the front) in 
order to maintain themselves on the same line, each re- 
gaining his position, if lost, by almost insensible de- 
grees 

The Battalion First Vice-Commander and Battalion 
Second Vice-Commander place themselves in rear of 
the battalion, opposite their places in line, and super- 
intend the march of the right and left wings, from the 
rear of their centers. 

Similar rules govern the battalion movements as are 
prescribed for commanderies. 

To Face the Battalion to the Rear and March it to the 
Rear, 

Being in line. 

1. Threes right (or left) about. 2. March. 3. Battalion. 
4. Halt. Or, 3 Guide center. 

At one, the Battalion Standard Bearer and general 
guides, if not already there, return to their places in line ; 
the battalion wheels about by threes at the second com- 
mand. If halted, the chiefs of commanderies, placing 
themselves on the flanks of their commanderies toward 
the center, dress them in that direction; the Vice- 
Commanders on that flank step to the rear. In wheel- 
ing about by threes, when marching in line, each chief 
of commandery describes a semi-circle, whose radius 
is twenty -two inches, and thus places himself on the 
right or left flank of his commandery, according to his 
position before the movement. 

If the march be continued, after wheeling about by 
threes, the Battalion Standard Bearer and general 



172 SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. 

guides at the command Guide center, advance six yards 
in front of the line and assume the direction of the 
march; the chiefs of commanderies, if not already 
there, place themselves on the flanks of their command- 
eries farthest from the standard. 

When a battalion in line wheels about by threes the 
Field Officers, unless otherwise directed, place them- 
selves in rear by passing around its flanks. The bat- 
talion is then maneuvered by the same commands and 
means as when facing in the opposite direction. 

To march the battalion a few yards to the rear, com- 
mand : 

1. Battalion. 2. About. 3 Face. 4. Forward 5. Guide 
center. 6. March. 

Or, if in march, command : 

1. To the rear. 2. March. 3. Guide center. 

The officers retain their relative positions until it is 
again faced to the front. 

To Oblique in Line and Resume the Forward. 

1. Right (or left) oblique, 2 March. 
Executed as before explained. 
To resume the direct march : 1. Forward. 2. March. 

To Halt the Battalion. 
] . Battalion. 2. Halt. 
If the direct march is not to be resumed. 

1. Standard and general guides. 2. Posts. 
The order is obeyed and chiefs of commanderies re- 
sume their places in front as the guides step into their 
intervals. 



SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. 173 

To Rectify an Alignment. 

Commanders rectify the alignment. 
At this command the chiefs of commanderies place 
themselves on the flanks of their commanderies toward 
the standard (the guides, or files, stepping to the rear) 
and successively dressing toward the center, when the 
preceding chief commands front. Each returning to 
his place in line after commanding front. 

To Give General Alignment. 

The Colonel-Commander places himself outside one 
flank of the battalion and commands : 

1. Standard and general guides on the line. 2. Guides on 

theline. 3. Center. 4. Dkess, 5. Standard 

and guides. 6. Posts. 

At the first command the Battalion Standard Bearer 
and Adjutant and Orderly place themselves on the line 
and face to the Colonel-Commander, who establishes 
them by motion of the sword in the direction he wishes 
to give the battalion. 

At two, the First Vice-Commanders of commanderies 
to the right of the Battalion Standard and Second Vice- 
Commanders of commanderies to its left, face toward 
the standard, and each places himself at commandery 
distance in rear of the one next before him, and aligns 
himself on the Battalion Standard Bearer and the Gen- 
eral Guide beyond. 

The chiefs of the commanderies hasten to place them- 
selves on the flanks of their commanderies toward the 
standard, and ,the Vice- Commander on that flank 
quickly passes by the rear and occupies the interval 
left by the guide on the line. 



174 SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. 

The left file of Battalion Standard Guard places him- 
self in the interval left by the Battalion Standard 
Bearer and the chief occupies the interval so made for 
him. 

The Field Officers on the righ and left wings place 
themselves outside the General Guides and assure the 
position of the guides in there own wings. 

At four, the commanderies move up in quick time 
against the guides , and each chief of commandery com- 
mands, 1. Left (or right). 2. Dress 3. Front, accord- 
ing as he is on the right or left of the standard. 

If the new line be oblique and at considerable dis- 
tance from the battalion, the chiefs of commanderies 
conduct their commands so as to arrive parallel to their 
places in the line, then dress, as before explained. 

At the sixth command the officers and guides resume 
their places in line, if the new direction of line be 
such that commanderies find themselves in advance, 
the Colonel before establishing guides, causes these 
commanderies to move to the rear. 

To Change Direction in Line 

1. Battalion. 2. Right (or left) wheel. 3 March. 

At two, the Battalion Standard Guard and General 
Guides place themselves six yards in front, as before 
explained ; the chiefs of commands place themselves 
on the flanks of their commanderies farthest from the 
Battalion Standard Guard ; the field officer of the left 
wing places himself on the left of the left general guide, 
and the field officer of the right wing on the right of the 
front rank. 



SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. 175 

At the command march the chief of the right com- 
mandery stands fast, or halts, and is the pivot; the left 
general guide takes the full step, wheels as if on the 
marching flank ; the chief of the left commandery fol- 
lows in his trace, preserving distance; the Battalion 
Standard Bearer preserves his distance on the line with 
left general guide and pivot, or slightly in rear of it. 

The field officers superintend the movements of the 
general guide and wing nearest them. 

1. Battalion 2. Halt. Or, 1. Forward. 2. March, 
3. Guide center, is given when wheeled sufficiently. 

At forward the Battalion Standard Bearer advances 
to the line of the general guides At the second com- 
mand resume the direct step ; the field officers return 
to their posts. 

To March by the Flank from Line. 

1. Threes right (or left). 2. March. 

The Colonel-Commander marches on the side of the 
guide about thirty yards from the center of the column 
The Bat. First Vice and Bat. Second Vice on the same 
side, about six yards from the head or rear of the col 
umn, each in his own wing, the Adjutant and Orderly 
between them and the column 

In all movements on the march, from the order in 
line to the order in column, the Bat Standard Bearer, 
at the preparatory command, resumes his position in 
line. 

The battalion may be faced to the right or left from 
line and marched forward, or marched by the flanks by 
the usual commands for a commandery. 



176 SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. 

To Break into Golumn of Threes from the Right or 
Left, to March to the Left or Right. 

1. Column of threes. 2, Break from the right (or left) to 
march to the left (or right). 3. March. 

At two, the chief of the right commandery orders : 1. 
Right forward. 2. Threes right. 

At the command march, repeated by the chief, the 
commandery moves in column of threes to the front ; 
the chief commanding, 1. Column left, adding 2. March 

the instant the 
*] leading three has 
t advanced com- 
IP mander y dis- 



tance; the Vice-Commander then directs his march 
parallel with the front of the battalion. The chief of 
the second commandery orders, 1. Eight forward. 2. 
Threes right, adding 3. March when the leading guide 
of the first commandery arrives opposite his right three ; 
the commandery advances and changes direction as ex- 
plained for the first commandery, following in its rear. 

The other commanderies successively conform to 
what is explained for the second. 

Being in column of threes the battalion is halted, put 
in march, obliques, changes direction, marches to the 
rear, forms files, sections or divisions, etc., the same 
as a commandery, substituting battalion for command 
ery. 

To Form Line to the Right or Left from Column of 
Threes. 

1. Threes right (or left). 2. March. 3 Battalion. 4 Halt. 
Or, 3. Guide center. 
The halt is given the instant the threes unite in line. 
Each chief of commandery places himself on the left of 



SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. 177 

his commandery (the Vice- Commanders stepping back, 
as before explained), dresses his commandery to the 
left commands front, and places himself in front of the 
center. 

If the third command be for the guide (on completion 
of the wheel) the Bat. Standard and guides advance six 
yards in front of the line, and the chiefs place them- 
selves on the flanks of their commanderies farthest 
from the standard, as before explained. 

General Rules for Successive Formations. 

That is, when several subdivisions arrive successively 
on the line. 

In all such, except formation into line by two move- 
ments, the field officers at the head of the column or 
nearest the point of rest (where right of battalion is to 
rest if movement be to left, or where left will rest when 
movement is to right) establishes his two markers (fac- 
ing point of rest) on the line opposite the right and left 
files of the subdivision first to arrive on the line. If 
formation be central, markers are placed on line in 
front of leading subdivisions, facing each other. 

In all formations from halt, markers are established 
at preparatory command, indicating direction in which 
line is to extend ; if marching, they hasten toward the 
point of rest and are established at command march. 
In formations on right (or left) in line, first marker is 
established subdivision distance to right (or left) of 
Head of column. 

Formations front into line, they are established sub- 
division distance in front of head of the column. 

Line is prolonged as explained in formation of bat- 
talion. When line is formed facing to rear, markers 



178 SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. 

permit leading subdivisions to pass between, after 
which second marker closes to little less than com- 
mandery distance from the first ; if formation be cen- 
tral, both markers close toward each other. Each 
guide so posts himself that his subdivision may cross 
line between'him and guide next in front then closes to 
subdivision distance. 

When the principles are well understood, markers 
may post themselves without aid of field officers, or 
Vice Commanders act when practicable 

To Form Line on its Right or Left from Column of 
Threes. 

1. On right (or left) into line. 2. March. 

From a halt. At one, repeated by chief of first com- 
mandery, the other chiefs of commanderies order : for- 
ward. 

At march } repeated by the chiefs of commanderies, 
the leading commandery executes on right into line; the 
leading three arriving at three yards from the line, the 
chief halts the commandery and dresses it to the right 
against the markers. The other chiefs successively 
command, 1. On right into line, adding march when op- 
posite the right of their places inline, halt their com- 
manderies and dress them, as just explained. 

If marching , the command to put the commanderies 
in motion is omitted. 

To Form Line to the Front from Column of Threes. 

1. Right (or left) front into line. 2. March 

From a halt. At one. chief of first commandery : 1. 
Right front into line. 2 Double-time; chief of second com- 



SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. 



179 



mandery : 1 , Forward. 2. 
^Column right; chiefs of other 
" eommanderies : 1. Forward. 
2. Column half right. At 
march, repeated, first com- 
mandery executes right front 
into line in double time; is 
halted at three yards from 
line and dressed against 
markers. Chief of second 
commandery conducts it op- 
posite the left of its place in 
line, changes direction to the 
left, and chief commands : 1. 
Eight front into line. 2. Double time, adding 3. March, 
when at commandery distance from line, places himself 
in front of its center, and when at three yards from the 
line, halts the commandery and dresses it to the left. 
The other chiefs conduct their commanderies to a point 
twice commandery distance in rear of the left of their 
places in line, change direction half left, and when at 
commandery distance from the line, conform to what 
has been explained for the second commandery. 
If marching omit the command forward. 




To Form Line to the Front, Faced to Rear, from 
Column of Threes. 



1. Right (or left) front into line, faced to rear. 2. March. 



180 



SCHOOL OP THE BATTALION. 




Executed as before explain- 
ed, except commanderies are 
not halted till three yards be- 
yond the line; where the 
commanderies at command 
of their chiefs execute threes 
left aboutj halt and dress to 
the right 

In forming line, faced to 
rear, threes wheel about 
toward the point of rest. 
To Form Line by Two Move- 
ments from column of Threes. 

A part of the column having changed direction to the 
right. 

1. Threes left. 2. Rear commanderies left front into line. 
3 March. 

Chiefs whose commanderies have changed direction, 
repeat one and three, halt their commanderies as threes 
unite in line, then dress to right, remaining on line till 
Guides y Post. 

March is given as head of a commandery is about to 
change direction. Bear commanderies execute left front 
into line 

To form line faced to rear. Column having changed 
direction as before, 1. Threes right. 2. Rear commander- 
ies left front into line faced to rear. 3. March. 

This and like formations to the left are executed sim- 
ilar to th;:se explained. 



SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. 181 

To Form Column of Sections from Line. 

1. Center forward. 2. Threes left and right. 3. March. 
4 Guide (right or left). 

At two, chief of right center commander orders : 

1. Le*t forward. 2 Threes left. Chief of left center 
commandery orders : 1 Right forward. 2. Threes right. 
Other chiefs : Threes left (or right) , according as they are 
in the right or left wing. 

At march, repeated, column of sections is formed. 
The Colonel- Commander marches at twelve yards from 
center of column on the side of the guide. The field 
officers of each wing six yards from flank of the column, 
abreast of his leading guide ; Adjutant and Orderly 
abreast of the guides in rear of the column. 

[The Bat St Gd may lead this movement, if present.] 

To Form Line from Column of Sections, 

1. Bight and left front into line. 2. March. 
Executed by each wing, as before explained. The 
markers are established for the Bat St. Gd. [or right 
center commandery, if there be no Bat St Gd ] 

To Form Line to the Right or Left from Column of 
Sections. 

1. Threes right (or left). 2. Left (or right) commanderies 
on right (or left) into line 3. March 

The chiefs of right commanderies repeat the first and 
third commands, halt their commanderies as they unite 
inline, dress them to the- left and remain on the left 
until the command guides, posts The Bat St. Gd. and 
commanderies of the left wing execute on right into 
line. The field officer of left wing assures position of 
guides of the left commanderies. 



182 



SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. 



B.lst, V. C. ***+ 



Adj. 



+*y*n 



To form Column of Commanderies from Line. 

1. Commanderies right (or left) wheel. 2. March. 

At one f the chiefs of commanderies repeat right wheel. 
At march each commandery wheels as before explained, 
each chief halting and dressing his commandery to 
the left. 

The chiefs having 
commanded front, the 
guides, although some 
of them may not be in 
the direction of the 
preceding guides, stand 
fast, in order that the 
error may not be ex- 
o-^.y^-M.mtended through the col- 
;umn ; the guides not in 
direction come into it 
in march. 

The band is on the 
flank, as shown in the 
cut, in the drill ; or may 
march at the head of 
the column if so direct- 
ed. 

If the battalion be in 
march, at the first com- 
mand, the chiefs of commanderies place themselves 
before the centers thereof ; at march pivots halt and then 
turn gradually in their places ; the wheel is completed 
as from a halt 
In column the field officers and general guides take 



Ool. Soyitr 



Ord. 



B. 2d, V. C. **6y. 



Band _ 



SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. 183 

their places, as shown in the plate, and change to the 
designated flank when the guide is changed. [So band 
changes if not at head of column]. 

To Form Column from Line and Move Forward without 
Halting. 

1. Continue the march. 2. Commanderies right (or left) 

wheel. 3. March. 4. Forward. 5. March. 

6. Guide (left or right). 

Wheel as before ; chiefs remain in front of centers. 
At fifth command march forward, or in the direction 
the field officer at head of column indicates for leading 
guide, and others follow in his trace, preserving distance 

The battalion breaks into column of squadrons, etc., in 
the same manner, substituting squadrons for command- 
eries. The chief of squadron performs the same duties 
as chief of commandery, the Junior chief places him- 
self in the interval between the two commanderies, if 
not already there. The guide on the right or left of 
the squadron is its guide. 

In wheel by squadron,if there be an odd commandery, 
its chief commands : 1. Forward. 2, Guide right (or left), 
according as the wheel is to the right or left, repeats the 
command March, adding 1. Eight (or left) wheel in time 
to add 2. March when the commandery has advanced 
commandery distance, when it wheels on a fixed pivot, 
is halted and dressed as before explained. 

To Form Column of Commanderies to the Rear from 
Line. 

1. Right of commanderies rear into column. 2. Threes 

right. 3. March. 

k Being at halt. At the 

h . q |i___H| — L_Hgi — i_P,a first command each chief 

I — > places himself four feet in 

i II I i front of the right file of 



184 SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. 

his commandery facing to the right ; at threes right cau- 
tions the right three to wheel to the right about. The 
movement is executed as in divisions 

Squadrons are formed in column to the rear by simi- 
lar commands and means. 

To Break from the Right or Left, to March to the 
Left or Right from Line. 

1. Commanderies break from the right (or left) to march to 
the left (or right). 2. March. 

Being at a halt. 

At one, the chief of the first commander orders, 1, 
Forward. 2. Guide left. At march, repeated by its 
chief, the right commandery moves forward, the chief 
commanding, 1. Left turn, adding 2 March when the 



guide has advanced commandery distance; the left 
guide then marches on a line parallel with the front of 
the battalion, The second commandery executes the 
movement by the same commands and means ; its chief 
putting it in march when the first commandery arrives 
opposite its left; the guide, after turning, follows in 
trace of the left guide of the first. The others success- 
ively execute the same movement, Don't lose distance. 

To March Column Forward, Halt it, Face it to the 
Rear, etc. 

Executed by commands and means similar t<* like 
movements of a commandery 



SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. 185 

To Change Direction in Column, 

1. Column right (or left). 2. March. 

Being in march. At the first command a marker (if 
markers are used) places himself abreast of the guide, 
on the left of the leading subdivision. The chief of this 
subdivision commands : Right wheel, repeats the march, 
and on completion of the wheel, commands : 

1. Forward. 2. March. 
The marker, a^t the command march by the Colonel- 
Commander, halts and faces to the column, remains un- 
til rear has passed, and returns 
to his place in rear of first sub- 
division. Other subdivisions 
j j ^_ ^ ra " change direction on same 

ground by same commands and 
means. 

To Put Column in March and Change its Direction 
at the Same Time, 

1. Forward. 2. Guide (left or right) . 3. Column right (or 
left). 4. March. Or, 3. Column half right, etc. 

To Form Line to the Left or Right from Column. 

1 Left (or right) into line wheel. 2. March. 3. Guides. 
4 Posts. 
Being at a halt. At the first command chiefs of com- 
manderies caution left wheel; the right guide of the lead- 
ing* commandery places himself facing the leading guide 
of the column a 1 : nearly commandery distance in front 
of him, so as to be opposite one of the right files of the 
commandery when the wheel is completed ; the guide 
is assured in his position by field officer at head of the 
column. 




186 SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION 

At march the commanderies wheel to the left on fixed 
pivots. Each chief of commandery faces his command 
to observe the wheel ; moves toward the point where 
its marching flank is to rest, and when it is near the 
line commands : 1. Commandery. 2. Halt. At h a It the 
chief of commandery places himself on the line, by the 
side of the left file of the commandery next on the 
right, then commands, 1. Eight 2. Dress. 3. Front. 
At dress the commandery dresses up between its chief 
and its left file ; the file of the right commandery, who 
finds himself opposite its right guide, rests his breast 
lightly against the left arm of their guide. 

If marching, line is similarly formed, guides halt, and 
wheel is on fixed pivot. 

To Correct Alignment, 

Being at a halt. The Colonel Commander, placing 
himself in front of leading guide, and facing him, es- 
tablishes himself and guide next in rear, then com- 
mands : 

1. Eight (or left) guides. 2, Cover. 

Right guides exactly cover those in front at subdivis- 
ion distance ; field officers in front and rear of column 
facing guides assist. 

1. Eight (or left). 2. Dress. 

Chiefs repeat, align their subdivisions and command, 
Front If a commandery is out of place, its chief gives 
necessary preparatory command {forward, backward or 
side step) adding march at command dress by Colonel - 
Commander. When it approaches guide, chief halts 
and dresses it up to the guide. 



SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. 187 

To Form Line and Move Forward. 

1. Continue the march. 2. Left (or right) into line wheel. 
3. March. 4. Forward. 5. March. 6. Guide center. 

Wheel on fixed pivots, which mark time as explained; 
guide remains on flank of leading commandery . At the 
sixth command standard and general guides step six 
yards to front of line, and chief of commandery places 
himself in front rank, as before explained. 

Column of Squadrons is formed in line similarly ; the 
chiefs of squadrons command, 1. Eight. 2 Dress, then 
(to commandery on his left), 1. (such) commandery. 2. 
Front; the chief of junior commandery, 1. (such) com- 
mandery. 2. Front (to commandery on his left). Odd 
commandery moves up to commandery distance, its 
guide covering guide in front, if not there. 

Practice these without equalizing commanderies ; 
put column in march; commanderies gain trace and 
distance ot guides by obliques at command of chiefs. 
Colonel-Commander assists to gain distance by causing 
column to mark time or take short step; those not at 
proper distance, or alignment, gain it. 

To Form Column on Right or Left. 

Being in march, change guide, if not there, to flank 
toward which movement is to be made. 

1. On right (or left) into line* 2. March. 

At one, chief of first commandery commands. Eight 
turn and repeats march; arriving at three yards from 
markers, chief halts and dresses it to the right. The 




188 SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. 






other commanderies continue the march, each chief giv- 
ing command, Right turn, adding 2. March upon arriv- 
ing opposite the right of its place in line, and are halted 
and dressed as explained for first commandery. 

To Form Line to the Front from a Halt. 

1. Bight (or left) front into line. 2 Commanderies right 
(or left) half wheel, 3. March, 4. Forward. 
5. March. 6 Guide left (or right 
Atone, chief of first commandery, 1. Forward. 2. 
Guide left; at second command all other chief of com- 
manderies caution right half 
\wheel; at third command, re- 
peated by chiefs, the first 
commandery advances, and 
when three yards from line, 
is halted and dressed to left 
against markers : the other 
commanderies wheel half 
right on fixed pivot, chiefs 
repeating fourth, fifth and 
sixth commands. At fifth 
command, given the instant the eighth of circle is com- 
pleted, they cease to wheel and march forward. At 
sixth command the left guides of commanderies march 
directly to their front. 




SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. 



189 



The left of second commandery arriving nearly op- 
posite the right of the first its chief commands, L Left 
half turn. 2 March, the instant the left of company is 
opposite its place in line; and its chief commands 1. 
Commandery , adding 2. Halt at three yards from the 
line, then dresses his commandery. 

When left of third commandery arrives opposite right 
of the second it turns half left, is halted and dressed as 
just prescribed, and other commanderies execute sue 
cessively what is prescribed for the third. 

In march the movement is similarly executed, the 
leading commandery approaches marker ^ with guide 
toward point of rest, at command of chief of command- 
ery, if necessary, at preparatory command, 

To Form Line to the Front Faced to rear from Column. 

Executed as before, except commanderies march 
three 3^ards beyond the line ; 
:::::::::: +-f±^ j w heel about by threes , halt 
i and are dressed toward the 



„t.._ .Li-. I point of rest. 

\ To Form Column of Com- 
manderies into Line by 
two Movements. 

Part of column having 
changed direction to the right, 

1 . Left into line wheel . 2 Bear 

commanderies left front into 

line. 3. March 

At one, chiefs of commanderies that have changed 
direction, caution left wheel. At second command chief 
of each commandery that has not changed direction ex- 




190 SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. 

cept leading one, commands, Left half wheel. At march, 
repeated by chiefs of rear commanderies, those which 
have changed direction to right execute left into line 
wheel, rear commanderies left front into line as before de- 
scribed, the chiefs of rear commanderies upon complet- 
ing the half wheel , adding 1, Forward. 2. March. 3. 
Guide right, 

Column having partly changed direction to the left, 
line is formed by similar commands and means . 

To Advance by Flank of Subdivisions from Line. 

1. Commanderies (or squadrons) . 2. Right (or left) for- 
ward. 8. Threes right (or left). 4. March. 
5. Guide (right, left or center). 

Each commandery (or squadron) executes right for- 
ward threes right. The Colonel-Commander marches 
abreast of chiefs of leading subdivisions, twelve yards 
from flank, on the side of guide : or if guide be center, 
then on either flank, other field officers six yards out- 
side of column abreast of chiefs of subdivisions ; they 
are covered by Adjutant and Orderly, who march 
abreast of rear guides. 

To Form Line from Subdivisions when Marching by the 
Flank of Subdivisions, 

1. Commanderies (or squadrons). 2. Left (or right) front 
into line, 3. March. 4. Battalion. 5. Halt. 

Each commandery (or squadron) executes the second 
command at the command halt; and is dressed to the 
right 

If executed in double time the Colonel-Commander 
commands: Guide center, immediately after the com- 
mand March ; the standard and General Guides ad- 



SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. 191 

vance six yards in front of line, and chiefs of command- 
eries place themselves on the flanks of their command 
eries farthest from the Bat. St. Gd. the guides on that 
flank stepping back, as before explained, except the 
guides on the flank commanderies of the battalion. 

To Form Column of Subdivisions when Marching by 
the Flank of Subdivisions (and the Reverse). 

1. Threes right (or left). 2 March. 3. Guide (right or 
left), etc. 

To March by the Flank of Subdivisions from Column of 
Threes, etc. 

1. Commanderies (or squadrons, etc). 2. Column right 
(or left). 3. March. 4. Guide (right, left or center). 

The same command", omitting the fourth, reforms col- 
umn of threes ; each chief of commandery goes to the 
head of his commandery ; the squadrons unite in col- 
umn of threes. 

To Form Column of Threes from Column of Command- 
eries and Squadrons and to Form again in Column. 

1. Commanderies (or squadrons) 2 Left (or right) for- 
ward.^ 3 Threes right (or left). 4. March. 

To form again in column 

1. Commanderies (or squadrons). 2. Left (or right) front 

into line. 3. March. 4 Battalion. 5. Halt. 

Or 4 Guide left (or right) . 

The subdivisions execute these movements simulta- 
neously. Or these movements may be executed by 
commanderies successively, if so ordered, by designat- 
ing them. They may also be executed in like manner 
by any subdivision of battalion. 



192 



SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. 



To Close Column to Half Distance. 

Being at a halt. 

1. Close column to half distance. 2. Forward. 3. March. 

4 Guide left (or right). 

At two, the chief of the leading squadron (or com- 
mandery) commands, 1. First squadron (or commandery), 

2. Standfast. The other squadrons march forward and 

are successively halted and dressed to the left hy their 

chiefs when they arrive at commandery (or division) 

distance. 

To Deploy Column. 

See Display Drill. It is similarly executed. 

To Form Line to the Right or Left from Column of 
Squadrons, etc., at Hajf Distance. 

1. Eight (or left) into line wheel. 2. Left (or right) com- 
manderies on right (or left) into line. 3. March. 

At one, the chiefs of right commanderies caution, 1. 
(Such) commandery, 2. Bight wheel, the left guide of the 



t i f i I 



a^»»aas^vBw»^>^vv>^vv^^^ 



T 



t IV 



V 



sjMssk*^ 



V 



leading right commandery places himself on the line of 
the right guides, facing them, and so as to be opposite 
one of the three files on the left of his commandery ; 
chief of left commanderies : 1. Forward. 2. Guide right. 
At march , repeated by chiefs, the right commanderies 
wheel into line to the right; the left commanderies 
move forward; and when the leading one is opposite its 



SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. 193 

place, executes right turn. The field officer of the left 
wing assures the positions of the guides of the left com- 
manderies. 

If marching, the Colonel- Commander orders guide on 
flank toward which movement is to be made, if not 
there, and chiefs of left commanderies omit the for- 
ward march. 

To Form Column of Commanderies from Column of 
Squadrons, and the reverse. 

1. Eight (or left), by commanderies. 2. March. 3. Guide 
left (or right). 

Being at a halt. At the first command chiefs of right 
commanderies : Forward. Chiefs of left commanderies : 
Eight oblique. At march, repeated by chiefs, right com- 
manderies move forward, chiefs repeating command 
for guide ; the chiefs of left commanderies command 
march the instant their commanderies are disengaged; 
at which they oblique to right, regulating step to main- 
tain distance. When they are in rear of right com- 
manderies thier chiefs command, 1. Forward. 2, March. 
3. Guide left; the second command is given the instant 
the left guide arrives in trace of the left guide of the 
right commandery. 

I. Form squadrons left (or right) oblique. 2. March. 
3. Battalion. 4. Halt. 

Being in column of commanderies. 

At one, chief of right commandery of each squadron : 
1. Forward. 2. Guide left; chief of the left commandery : 
Left oblique. At march, repeated by the chiefs, leading 
commanderies move forward ; rear commanderies ob- 
lique to left. The fourth command, repeated by chiefs 
of leading commanderies, is given when they have ad- 



194 



SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. 



^ 



vanced coinmandery distance ; each chief dresses his 
commandery, being careful that guides cover, and 
places himself in front of its center. 

To Change Front of Battalion. 

1. Change front on first {or eighth) commandery. 2. Com- 
manderies right (or left) half wheel. 3. March. 4. 
Forward. S.March. 6, Guide right (or left) . 
At one, chiefs, if not there, place themselves in front 
^ of centers of their command- 
eries. 
At two — chief of right com- 
^ mandery : Right wheel; other 
I chiefs caution right half wheel. 
At march, repeated by chiefs, 
right commandery right 
wheels on fixed pivot, and 
its chief commands, 1. For- 
ward. 2, March. 3 Guide 
right, and having arrived at 
three yards from the line, its 
JJ chief halts it and dresses it 
to right against the markers.. 

The other commanderies make half wheels to right on 
fixed pivots, and movement is completed similar to left 
front into line from column ol commanderies. The 
chiefs of rear commanderies command 1. Right half turn, 
adding, 2. March, when their right guides are opposite 
their places in line. (See cut) . 

Oblique change of front on first (or eighth) commar.dery, 
is similarly executed. 

Change of front on right or left commandery and face 
to rear is executed by adding jaced to rear, to the first 
command, and similar to front into line faced to rear 
from column of commanderies. 



ftpess JJctnade. 



The battalion is formed as before explained ; [or if it 
be of but one commandery, its divisions are officered 
and are treated as commanderies, the Commander act- 
ing as Colonel-Commander]. 

The Colonel* Commander takes his post at a conveni- 
ent distance in front of the center, facing the line (gen • 
erally a distance equal to about one-half its front) and 
stands with arms folded until just before the command 
to present, when he comes to attention. 

The Adjutant having commanded guides, posts, directs 
the first Commander to bring his commandery to parade 
rest. Each Commander in succession, commencing on 
the right, faces about and commands : 

1. (Such) Commandery. 2. Carry. 3. Swords. 4. Pa- 
rade. 5. Rest, and returns to his place. 

The Adjutant then commands, Sousd off, and takes 
the position of parade rest. The band, commencing to 
play in common time, marches six yards to the front, 
then to the left past the left of the line, and back over 
the same ground to its place, playing in quick time, 
giving a flourish before starting, after the counter- 
march at the left, and on its return to the right. 

195 



196 DRESS PARADE. 

The Adjutant steps two yards to the front faces to 
the left and commands : 

1. Battalion. 2. Attention. 3. Carry. 4. Swords. 
5. Rear open order. 

Aligns the guides of the rear rank, again comes to the 
front, and commands: 6. March, verifies the align- 
ments, commands, 7, Front, and passes in rear of the 
line of Commanders to the center, turns to the right, 
marches to a point midway between the Colonel- Com- 
mander and the line occupied by the commanders, 
faces about, and commands : 

1. Present. 2. Swords. 
To this the Colonel Commander raises his chapeau in 
acknowledgment, The Adjutant then faces about, sa- 
lutes the Colonel- Commander, and says : 

Sir, the parade is formed. 
The Colonel-Commander, saluting with the hand: 

Take your post , Knight. 
The Adjutant takes post three yards to the left and 
one yard to the rear of the Colonel- Commander passing 
by his right and rear, The Colonel- Commander now 
draws his sword, commands, Carry, Swords, and exer- 
cises the battalion in the manual, concluding with, 
Order, Swords He directs the Adjutant to Receive the 
reports, and return his swords. 

The Adjutant retraces his steps to the point at which 
he saluted the Colonel-Commander, and commands : 
1. * Secretary s to front and center. 2 March. 



* First Vice-Commanders may "be substituted for Secretaries if de- 
sired. 



DRESS PARADE. 197 

At the first command the secretaries come to a carry; 
at the second they step two yards to the front and face 
to the center; the drum-major also steps two yards for- 
ward, and faces to the left At march, they close on the 
center in front of and between the Standard and Adju- 
tant, two yards from the former, and successively face 
to the front, The Adjutant then commands, Report. 
At this command the drum-major^ and Secretaries (or 
First Vice-Commanders), commencing on the right, 
successively salute and report, Band present or accounted 
f>r, or (so many) absent The Secretaries (or First Vice 
Commanders) report (such) Commander y No — present 
or accounted for, or give the number present and the 
number absent. When completed, the Adjutant com- 
mands : 

1. Secretaries (or First Vice Commanders 2. Outward. 
3. Face, 4 To your posts. 5. March. 

Then they all retrace their steps and resume order 
arms. 

The Adjutant faces about, salutes, and says, Sir, all 
present, or accounted for; or he reports the number ab- 
sent. 

The Colonel-Commander acknowledges the salute and 
says, Publish the orders , Knight. The Adjutant, facing 
the battalion says : 

Attention to orders, 
Returns his sword and reads the orders t After which 
he draws his sword, faces about; salutes the Colonel - 
Commander, and reports : 

*The d um-major, before making his report, salutes by bringing 
his staff to a vertical position, the head of the staff up and opposite 
the left shoulder. 

-J-lf he has sword knot he drops sword. 



198 DRESS PARADE. 

Sir, the orders are published. 

The Colonel- Commander acknowledges the salute, 
and commands : 

To your devotions, Knights.* 
The Adjutant returns to his place at the rear and 
right of the Colonel-Commander who commands : 

1. Battalion. 2. Un- cover. 
They uncover, and the Prelate faces parallel to the 
front, and repeats the Lord's Prayer, all joining in it, or 
short extemporaneous prayer. After a pause the Colo- 
nel-Commander re-covers and commands, 1. Battalion. 
2. Re-cover, The Prelate faces to the front, and the 
Colonel-Commander directs the Adjutant to 

Dismiss parade, Knight. 
At which the Adjutant returns to his place, as before, 
and commands : 

Parade is dismissed. 

The Commanders, and Vice- Commanders now return 
their swords, face to the center, step off at the same 
time with the Adjutant , close upon the center, and suc- 
cessively face to the front. The two nearest the center 
preserve an interval for the Adjutant, who passes 
through, one yard to the rear, halts, faces about steps 
into his place, and commands : 

1. Forward. 2. Guide center. 3. March. 

The bands plays and when within five yards of the 
Colonel Commander, the Adjutant commands ; 



*This part may be omitted if desired. 



DRESS PARADE. 199 

1. Officers. 2. Halt. 

At the second command the officers halt and salute 
with the hand , the music ceases ; the hands remain at 
the visor,, till he salute is acknowledged, and drop at 
the same time with the Colonel Commander's hand, 
who gives such instruction as he desires, which con- 
cludes the ceremony, and the officers disperse ; the 
hand plays, the First Vice Commanders return ti their 
commanderies (or the Senior Aid may take charge if so 
directed), and command: 

I. Carry, 2. Swords. 3. Close order. 4. March. 

The First Vice-Commanders (or Senior Aids) march 
the commanderies to their quarters and dismiss them, 
as they may previously have been instructed. 

It would add much to the display if, after the parade 
is dismissed, the commanderies should march off in 
echelon, commandery front, beginning onthe'right; the 
second commandery starting when the first has marched 
commandery distance, or half commandery distance. 



eoieu>. 



Reviewing officer takes post in front of the center of 
battalion, the point being indicated by a marker or 
standard previously established. The Adjutant also 
posts markers at points where the column will have to 
change direction in order that the right flank, in pass 
ing. shall be at six or eight yards from the reviewing 
officer, whose staff, or other grand officers, are six yards 
in his rear. 

The officer in command , being in front of and facing 
the center commands : 

1, Prepare for review. 2. Rear open order. 3. March. 
4. Front. 

At the command march the ranks are opened and the 
lines are dressed as before explained. 

Officer in command, seeing the ranks aligned, returns 
to the right of the line of chiefs of commanderies, faces 
to the left, commands front, and passing to the front 
of this line of officers places himself six yards in front 
of the line of field officers , opposite the center and fac 
ing to the front. The reviewing officer now approaches 
a few yards and halts, when the officer in command 
faces about and commands : 
200 



REVIEW. 201 

1 . Present, 2. Swords, 
The officers, standards, and Knights present, and if 
the reviewing officer be the grand officer, the band 
plays a march or trumpets flourish, according to his 
rank. Officer in command faces about and salutes with 
the sword. The reviewing officer acknowledges the sa- 
lute by raising his chapeau, the band ceases to play, 
and the officer in command again faces the line and 
commands: 

1. Carry. 2. Swords. 

He joins the reviewing officer, who proceeds to the 
right of the band, and passing to the left in front of the 
line of chiefs of commanderies, returns in rear of the 
rear rank, the band playing until he leaves the right to 
return to his station. 

The officer in command now returns to his post in 
front of the center and command : 

1. Close order. 2. March. 

Which having been executed, he adds : 

1. Commanderies (divisions or sections), right wheel. 
2. March. 

At the second command the commanderies break into 
column of commanderies (divisions or sections). 

The band wheels and marches so that its rear rank 
will be nine yards in advance of the leading chief of 
commandery. The Battalion Vice Commanders, Adju- 
tant and Orderly on the left of the column. 

The officer in command now commands : 

1. Pass in review. 2. Forward 3 Guide right. 4 March. 

The band plays ; the column advances and changes 

direction to the left, and again to the left at points in- 



202 REVIEW. 

dicated, so as to pass about six yards in front of the re- 
viewing officer, and without command from the officer 
in command, who takes his place three yards in advance 
of the chief of the leading commandery (or officer in 
command of the leading subdivision), after the second 
change of direction. The band, having passed the re- 
viewing officer, wheels to the left out of column, takes 
post in front and facing him, where i remains till the 
rear of the column has passed, when it coun er marches 
to the rear and returns to its place before the review, 
ceasing to play when the column approaches its origi- 
nal position If there is more than one commandery 
(not in battalion formation) each band ceases to play 
when the rear of its commandery has passed the review- 
ing officer, and follows in its rear until its commandery 
is halted, when it passes by the rear to its place on the 
right. 

When the column is passing in review, the officers 
and standards salute, each commencing six yards from 
the reviewing officer, and resuming the carry when six 
yards past ; the Knights in line retain the carry. 

If the reviewing officer be entitled to it, the trumpets 
flourish, etc , and the band continues to play. 

The drum major, marching in review, passes the staff 
between the right arm and the body, the head to the 
front, and salutes with the left hand 

In saluting, all the officers turn the head and look 
toward the reviewing officer, who acknowledges only 
the salutes of the officer in command and the standards. 

The officer in command having saluted, places him- 
self, if mounted, on the right of the reviewing officer, 
and there remains until his battalion haspasssed, when 



REVIEW. 203 

he rejoins the battalion. The head of the column hav- 
ing executed a second change of direction to the left, 
after passing the reviewing officer, the officer in com- 
mand commands, guide left, and when it arrives on its 
original ground, wheels it into line, ranks are opened 
and swords are presented as before ; this being acknowl- 
edged, terminates the review. 



general t^apack 



General Parades are unfortunately often marred by 
some one, who seems to have little regard for well de- 
vised plans. 

It requires very little individual effort to conform to 
rules, and their general observance would add mate- 
rially to the pleasure at general gatherings. 

On such" occasions the observance of the following 
rules is important. 

General Headquarters should be established ; its 
chief and staff prepared at all hours to furnish informa- 
tion concerning existing orders; localities of grand or sub- 
ordinate commanderies ; assignment of quarters for new 
arrivals ; a post office for mailing or distributing letters 
to individuals (or commanderies), etc. ; rosters, alpha- 
betically or systematically arranged, so as to be of some 
use. In short, a place where any reasonable demand 
for information would be met with courteous and in- 
telligent response. 

Headquarters for every organized battalion and 
commandery present, and at least an intelligent servant 
left in charge, who could receive and properly deliver 
messages, letters, or orders left in absence of the 
Knights. 

2C54 



GENERAL PARADE 205 

To insure all this, Commanders should report their 
arrivals at General or Battalion Commandery Head- 
quarters, and leave a duplicate list of the Knights 
of their command, including the ladies and band ac- 
companying it ; at their own headquarters to keep a 
register of the locality of the private quarters of each 
individual. At stated hours every Knight should report 
athis commandery headquarters, in order that all may 
feel some confidence in expecting to find their friends 
there at that time ; or general or special information 
concerning the parade, which should be given at roll call. 

The Battalion Commanders should report at general 
headquarters immediately on their arrival, 

Orders should be promptly sent to Battalion Com- 
manders, who should require a staff officer to promptly 
deliver them to subordinate commanders.* Disobedi- 
ence of lawful orders ought to be followed with prompt 
and effectual discipline. Delay blunts the point of disci- 
pline. 

Nothing wearies men in ranks so much as unnecessary 
waiting and vexatious halts. This is demoralizing to 
an army, therefore promptness is the great essential. Let 
it be understood and felt that the column, announced to 
move at a given hour, will receive the command to for- 
ward march at the time specified, and not a moment 
later. 

At the time fixed for forming battalions the trumpet 
sounds and the commanderies march to the battalion 
parade-grounds. 

If commanderies are to move independently, still the 
oldest commandery is on the right, formed as prescribed ; 
fifteen yards from its left is the right of the band of the 
next in rank, and so on. 



206 GENERAL PARADE. 

General Officers and their staffs should be mounted, 
or go on foot To ride in carriages is not military, nor 
is it exactly c ' the thing ' ' for a chief in command. He 
takes position in front of the center of the line or on the 
flank of the column, but in a street parade should ride 
at the head of the column, so that the rear of his escort 
will be fifteen yards from the band of his leading com- 
mandery . The Adjutant General rides at his left and a 
little retired ; the staff is in their rear formed in column 
of sections. A Standard Bearer should carry a banner, 
with the arms or name of the State thereon. 

The instant his line is formed the Commanders of 
grand divisions should send a staff officer to the Com- 
mander in chief, to inform him of the fact. 

A bugler should accompany each commander of grand 
divisions to sound the attention, forward, halt, etc., that 
all the battalions and commanderies may move to- 
gether. The commander in chief should also be accom- 
panied by a bugler, and his signals be promptly re- 
peated by each Grand Division Commander's bugler. 

Bands near together should never play at the same 
time, but take the time from the band in front. 

The distance between Grand Divisions should be 
twenty yards. 

A Battalion, too small to form a Grand Division, 
should join with others and form, according to seniority 
as one Grand Division. * 

A maneuver that would retard the rear of the column 
ought not to be permitted. If the leading commandery, 
by permission, executes any movement that causes it 
to lose ground, it should immediately take the double 
step to regain its distance. Each commandery either 
shortens or lengthens its steps, or executes some move- 



GENERAL PARADE. 207 

ment that will enable it to retain its proper place in the 
column ; or commanderies execute maneuvers success 
ively from the right of Grand Divisions. A signal from 
the commander in chief, repeated by Battalion Com- 
manders, would enable maneuvers to be commenced 
simultaneously on the right of each Grand Division, 
and followed in succession by commanderies or simul- 
taneously by every commandery in the column, accord 
ing to previously promulgated orders 

Gaps in the column, or the crowding together of 
grand or subdivisions should never be permitted , and 
each commanding officer ought to caution his subordi- 
nates and the guides on these points ; complimenting 
them if they do w r ell, and severely censuring any viola- 
tion of this rule. Bands should als3 be instructed to 
take the full step and maintain their proper distance. 

The carelessness of a single officer or Knight will de- 
stroy more of the harmony and beauty of the display 
than a whole Grand Division can neutralize ; if, indeed, 
it can be overcome at all 

To Pass in Review at General Parade 

If the column is to pass in review before the com- 
mander in chief the Battalion Commanders successively 
from the right , when they approach the station of the 
commander in chief, command : 

1. Pass in review. 2. Guide right. 

And the column continues the march, the bands do 
not wheel out of column, but if near together are care 
ful to cease playing in time for the one in the rear to 
commence at fifteen yards from the station of the com- 
mander in chief 

When a column passes in review it ought to be by 
commandery or division front, certainly not less than 
section front. 



ugle Signals. 



These should be made a part of the instruction. The 
assembly is the signal for forming in ranks ; if habitually 
mounded before forming the commandery it will be 
learned without effort. 

The signals for drill are taught one or two at a time, 
until all are familiar with them. 

A trumpet call embraces both the preparatory and 
executory commands, which are promptly repeated or- 
ally by the officers of subdivisions. Their frequent use 
will insure quick recognition, and the beauty of the 
signal drill will then be fully appreciated. 

Movements to the right are on the ascending chord ; 
corresponding movements to the left are corresponding 
signals on the descending chord ; and changes of gait 
are all upon the same notes. 

A person having '' ' an ear for music ' ' can easily learn 
to play upon the bugle or trumpet, and the principal 
signals can be learned in a surprisingly short space of 
time. It requires less study and practice than is neces- 
sary to commit the ritual to memory. 



BUGLE SIGNALS. 



209 



1. ASSEMBLY OF MUSICIANS. 

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210 



BUGLE SIGNALS. 



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5. FLOURISH FOR REVIEW. 

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0. OVICK TIME. 

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BUGLE SIGNALS. 



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10. DOUBLE TIME 

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12. GUIDE EIGHT. 

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Slow. 

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14. GUIDE CENTRE. 

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15. THREES RIGHT. 

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212 



BUGLE SIGNALS. 



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17. THREES RIGHT ABOUT. 

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18. THREES LEFT ABOUT. 

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BUGLE SIGNALS. 



213 



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Moderate. 



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24. LEFT FRONT INTO LINE. 

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BUGLE SIGNALS. 



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33. BY THE LEFT FLANK. 

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BUGLE SIGNALS. 



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34. FUNERAL MARCH. 

Very slow. 



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AND RULES FOR COMPETITIVE DRILLS. 

On occasions for the test of skill in military maneuvers 
there must be judges to " keep tally " and determine 
the relative merits of contestants. 

The most skillful Board of Judges can not, with any 
degree of certainty, arrive at correct conclusions unless 

1. They are familiar with the system of drill used. 

2. Constantly near the commandery drilling; placing 
themselves on its flanks and in those proximate posi- 
tions lrom which they can observe every movement to 
the best advantage. 

3. They must score and record the degree of merit 
each separate movement is entitled to, and that before 
another movement is executed. 

4. Each judge must have the same method of scoring 
and understand it before the drilling commences. 

5. The commanderies should, as far as practicable, 
execute the same movements in the same order, and within 
the same limit of time. 

The judges can guess as to the comparative merit of 
different commanderies, but they can not satisfactorily 
' : score" them except upon the foregoing basis. To 
undertake to make up a score after the drilling is over 
is out of the question. 

216 



RULES FOR COMPETITIVE DRILLS. 217 

It is better by far to prepare a schedule, and let the 
commanderies practice it than to undertake to judge of 
a " go as you please i} drill. 

When the aggregate score is made up, the chiefs of 
the several competing commanderies are notified of the 
time and place fixed for the public announcement and 
awarding of the prize, that each with his command may 
be present 

The following is recommended as a basis for 
Rules for Competitive Drills 

1. Each commandery shall consist of eighteen* 
Knights and three as officers, t all of its own member- 
ship J 

2. Each commandery shall drill separately, and in 
the order of rank,§ for forty minutes, unless the t : me 
be changed by unanimous consent of the officers in 
command of competing commanderies. 

3 Three or five|| disinterested experts sh^ll be se- 
lected by the Committee on Drill as a Board of Judges, 
but they shall not be known as such to any others, un- 
til announced on the field f 

4. The judges shall select their own method of scoring. 

5. They shall have exclusive control of the field and 
commanderies during the drill. 



*Not less than eighteen nor more than forty-eight. Fix the num- 
ber definitely at 18, 24, 86, or 48 

iOne, Commander, or three, Commander and two Vice-Com- 
manders, or six, Commander, Vice-Commander and Standard 
Guard. 

tit would be unjust to award a prize to a command permitted to 
pick or hire men from other commanderies or organizations for 
the occasion, 

§The oldest has precedence and post of honor on every occasion; 
ft would therefore be anything but fair to let it usurp the place he- 
longing by right to a junior* or require the latter to hazard its 
rights by lot. 

|| Five is better. ^Selected in time to become familiar with the 
system of drill to be used. 



218 RULES FOR COMPETITIVE DRILLS. 

6. Except the judges, the commandery drilling, its 
band and standard guard, no person, whatever his rank 
or position may be, shall remain (even for a moment) 
on the field during or between drills. 

7. Commanderies may drill with or without music, 
but the judges may require any movements to be exe- 
cuted without music , and the cadence shall be noted 
irrespective of the time kept by the band 

8 The chiefs in charge of commanderies shall report 
at headquarters on the field thirty minutes before the 
contest is to commence; at which time they may deter- 
mine by ballot whether the drill shall be witnessed by 
a contestant before his commandery has drilled. If not 
determined then, there shall be no such restriction. 

9 Commanderies shall cease drilling at the second 
sound of the recall (made five minutes after its first 
sounding) at which the next commandery shall be 
ready, and at the forward, shall march on the field. 

10. Want of promptness in responding to signals shall 
be treated as errors and marked against the delinquent 

11 * A schedule of movements shall be prepared by 
the judges. This may embrace any movement included 
in the "School of the Knight" "Manual of the 
Sword," (excluding the silent manual) " School of the 
Commandery, 7 ' but none other. 

12. Any movement passed will be marked " O/ 7 and 
can not be taken up afterward except by consent of 
judges. 

13, Ten minutes may be allowed for display move- ! 
ments not embraced in the schedule, but these shall 
not be considered in any way in making up the score. 



*This is not difficult for well-drilled commanderies, but if de- 
sired can be excepted. If the contest is likely to be close a sched- 
ule, though simp) e, i s almost if not quite indispensable. Better let it 
be practiced any des red time before the drill than dispense with it. 



|ndex. 



Contents 3 

Preface 5 

Definitions .... 7 
School of the Knight 
Introduction . . . 10 

Commands (two kinds) 11 
Position of body, limbs 

etc ..... 11 
To rest in place at pa- 
rade . . 13, 15, 36 
Attention , . . 13, 37 
Break ranks . . . . 13 
Eyes right and left . . 13 
Courtesy and discipline 14 
Salutes ; with hand, 
sword, banner in 
march . 14, 30. 31, 43 
Facings, right, left 

about ... 14, 15 
Steps, leng h and ca 



dence . . 
Step, balance 
" short 
" change . 
" side . . 
" backward 
11 double 
To march forward 
" halt . -. 
1 ' mark time 
'* march backward 
11 " to rear 

11 to side ■ 



15, 19 

16 

17 

17, 18, 19 

18 
18 
19 
17 
17 
17 
18 
18 
18 



16 



To march in double time 19 
4< breathe . . . .19 
* : dress by file ... 20 
" dress right, left, 
back, etc . ... 20 

The guide . . . . 21, 23 

To march by flank . . 21 
" " in column of 

files .... 21, 27 
<c change direction 22. 27 
' oblique ... 23 27 

Wheelings 

Wheel on fixed pivot . 24 
on movable pivot 25 

To turn 26 

Double rank ... 26 27 

SWORD MANUAL. 

Remarks 28 

'' By the numbers" . 29 
To draw swords ... 29 
" carry swords ... 30 
" present . . . . 30, 31 
" salute ..... 31 
" support . . .32,34 
" portsw r ords ... 33 
" order swords ... 33 

" charge 34 

u shoulder swords . 34 
" rear rest " .35 

" reverse 35 

" rest sword arm . . 36 
" parade rest ... 36 
" resume attention . 37 



219 



220 



INDEX. 



To open files . . 37, 38 

, cross swords ... 38 

4< kneel and rise . . 39 

" return Swords . . 39 

" secure 40 

" inspect ..... 41 
" execute manual with- 
out command . . 42 
" uncover (head) . . 41 

SCHOOL OF THE OFFICER. 

General remarks and in 

struction .... 45 
Past officers . . 49 

Positions in line (see dif- 
ferent schools) 

THE BAND AND DRUM MAJOR 

General remarks and in 
struction .... 46 

SCHOOL OF THE COMMANDERY 

Remarks 49 

Past officers .... 49 

Positions of officers, etc 50 

Subdivisions . . 50, 51 

Formations .... 51 

Counting off . . 52, 54 

Position determined . 54 

To form in two ranks . 55 

l< dismiss commandery 55 

11 open ranks . . 55,56 

" close ranks ... 56 

' ' march in line . . 56 

" halt 56 

u wheel commandery 57 
1 ' incline to right or left 58 

" turn 58 

11 march by flank . 59 
" march threes to front 60 
" change direction 60, 61 
4i halt and move for~ 

ward 61 

" oblique threes . . 61 



To march threes to rear 62 
' form line to left, etc. 63 
'' ' " on right, 

etc .... 63, 64 
' ' form line to front 65, 66 
" face " " rear 66, 67 
" march line to rear 66 67 
" pass obstacle • . 67 
1 ' reform line ... 68 
The route step ... 68 
To form column of files 68 
■' threes from col- 
umn of files . . 69 
1 ' form twos from line, 

and reverse . . 69 
1 form single rank . 70 
<k double rank 71, 72 
v " close to double rank 

distance .... 72 
" form divisions . 72, 74 
u move or halt divis 

ions .... 74, 75 
" oblique .... 75 
(i change directions 75 76 
" face or march to rear 76 
" form line to left 

etc .... 77 78 
" form line on left, etc 78 
4< break into divisions 80 
" re- form commandery 81 
" march by flank . 82 
' ' advance in threes to 

front 83 

<c form line to front . 84 
" form column of threes 
from divisions and 
the reverse . 84, 85 

THE DISPLAY DRILL 

Remarks . . . 86, 131 
To form column threes by 
flank 86 



INDEX 



221 



To form line faced to 
rear ... 87, 

" form line by two 
movements . . . 

11 form line faced 'o rear 
by two movements 

" to change front . . 

" form line on standard 

11 form and wheel line 
Column of sections from 

line 

To wheel sections into 
line 

Column of sections from 
threes .... 

To form sections to right , 
etc .... . 

" break sections into 
threes ..'.... 

u form column threes 
from sections . . 

" foim line from col 
threes and sections 
by two movements 

" form threes from sec- 
tions and march to 
rear 

" re form the sections 

" form sections front to 



rear 



close sections to ha f 
distance .... 

take wheeling (or 
other) distance 

form sections forward 
from line . . . 

form line to front 
from sections . . 

form line by 'wo 
movements from sec 
tions at half dis- 



tance ... 99 100 
To form line by three 
movements 101, 102 

4 ' for en twos from sec- 
tions 103 

" wheel for display . 103 

" • " half of section 104 

lt advance sections in 
front of others . 105 

fl deploy column of 
sections . . 106-108 

" form double sections 109 

*' break into sections 
from double section 110 

11 wheel subdivisions 

consecutively 
To change direction by 
flank of column of 
sections or double 
sections .... 

" advance by flank of 
double sections 

" break by flank to 
rear into column . 
. . . 114, 

" deploy column 

117, 121 

" deploy in open or- 
der ... . 121, 122 

" close the column . 122 

" " intervals only 123 

" " to wheeling 
distance . , , . 

" deploy line to 
front 

" deploy line by 
flank 

" extend intervals . 

" close intervals . . 

" march threes at 
open order by files 



111 



113 
114 



116 



123 

123 

124 
125 

125 



222 



INDEX. 



to rear .... 125 
Order in echelon. . . 126 
Movements in echelon. 

126-131 

General remarks . .131 

Formation of Figures. 
To form Roman Cross 

from threes . . .132 
" form Greek Cross 

from threes . . . 134 
*' form Greek and 

Roman Crosses . 135 
" disphtyGreek Cross 136 
" form Greek Cross 

from line .... 138 
" form Greek Cross 

from square . . 156 
1 ' reduce Greek Cross 

hy wheel to left . 154 
" form Patriarchal 

Cross .... 140 
u form Cross of Sa 

lem 142 

4i form St. Andrew's 

Cross 142 

" form Triangle from 

files 145 

" reduce Triangle . 146 
" form triangle from 

column of threes . 

147, 148 

" form Triangle by 

threes 150 

" form Triangle from 

sections .... 150 
" form Square from 

sections etc . . 152 
" form Square from 

Greek Cross . . .154 
" form Star ... 156 
" form rays, circles. 



etc., in " Star " 
formations . 156-159 
School of the Battalion. 

Remarks 160 

New commands . . .161 

Officers 161 

Officers' posts . ... 164 
Staff Officers .... 161 
When to repeat com- 
mands 162 

Rank of Commanderies 162 
Equalizing Command- 
eries 163 

The standards . . , 164 
The markers .... 165 
Formation of Battalion 166 
To open ranks . 168, 170 
" close ranks . . .169 
" d smiss battalion . 170 
" march in line . . 170 
' ' face and march to 

rear 171 

" oblique .... 172 
" halt the batallion . 172 
" rectify alignment , 

173, 186 

" give general al- 
ignment .... 173 
" change direction of 

line 174 

" march by the flank 175 
" break into threes 
to march to left or 

right 176 

. " form line to the 

right or left . . . 176 
Successive formation 

rules 177 

To form line on right 

or left from column 178 
" form line to front 



INDEX 



.223 



from threes . • .178 

To form line to front 
faced to rear . .179 

fl form sections from 
line 181 

' form line from sec- 
tions 181 

<{ lorm column of 
commanderies . . 182 

" form same and 
move forward . . 183 

" form same to rear 
from line . . . .183 

(l break from right, 
etc., to march to 
left 184 

il march column for- 
ward, halt, face, 
etc 184 

" change direction of 
column . . . ^ . 185 

" put column in 
march and change 
direction .... 185 

" correct alignment 186 

41 form line and move 
forward . . . .187 

" form column to the 
flank 187 

" form line to front . 185 

*' form line to front 
faced to rear . , 189 

1 ' form line by two 

movements . . . 189 

' ' advance b y flank of 
subdivisions. . . 190 

" form line from sub- 
divisions by flank . 190 

" to form column by 
flank of subdivis- 
ions .... 191 



To march by flank of 
Subdivisions . . 191 

u form column of 
threes from col- 
umn of command- 
eries. etc .... 191 

" close column to 
half section . . . 192 

<( form line to right 
or left from column 
at half distance . 192 

" form Squadrons 
from Command- 
eries and the re- 
verse 193 

" change front. . . 194 

CEREMONIES. 

Dress Parade .... 195 

Review 200 

General Parade . . 204 

BUGLE SIGNALS . . . 208 

1 Assembly of Musi- 

cians 209 

2 Assembly .... 209 

3 Recall 209 

4 Dress Parade ... 210 

5 Flourish for Review 210 

6 Attention .... 210 

7 Forward .... 210 

8 Halt -210 

9 Quick Time . . . 210 

10 Double Time. . . 211 

11 Charge 211 

12 Guide right ... 211 

13 Guide left . ... 211 

14 Guide center . . .211 

15 Threes right . , .211 

16 Threes left ... 212 

17 Threes right about . 212 

18 Threes left about . 212 

19 Column right . . 212 



224. 



INDEX. 



20 Column left ... 212 

21 Eight oblique . . 212 

22 Left oblique . V . 212 

23 Right front into line 213 

24 Left front into line . 213 

25 Face to the rear . . 213 

26 On right, into line . 213 

27 On left into line . . 213 

28 Commandery right 
wheel 213 



29 Commandery left 
wheel ..... 214 

30 Deploy 214 

31 To the rear ... 214 

32 By the right flank . 214 

33 By the left flank . 214 

34 Funeral March , . 215 
Award of Prizes and 

Rules for Competitive 
Drills 216 




m 




: M 





